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Deriving verification objectives and scenarios for maritime systems using the systems-theoretic process analysis

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  • Rokseth, Børge
  • Utne, Ingrid Bouwer
  • Vinnem, Jan Erik

Abstract

The process applied for verification of maritime systems lacks the ability to properly examine complex networks of interconnections. Verification is mainly focused on single failures of components, not properly accounting for the complexity emerging through interactions between human operators, computer systems and electro-mechanical components. The problem apparently resides in the supporting studies, or the lack thereof, for the development of test cases. A new methodology that can be introduced to the current verification process for these systems is proposed in this article. It employs Systems-theoretic process analysis (STPA) to generate verification objectives and related hazardous scenarios. These specify or extend the scope and provide acceptance criteria for verification activities, and may further serve as input to test case generation. The method is used in a case study to identify verification objectives for an automated module in the power management system of a maritime vessel. The results show that the method is able to reduce the number of context variables that verification results depend upon, and to highlight remaining context dependency, to allow for an integrated system view. It will help capture accidental scenarios with more complex causal relations than what is currently considered during verification of these systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Rokseth, Børge & Utne, Ingrid Bouwer & Vinnem, Jan Erik, 2018. "Deriving verification objectives and scenarios for maritime systems using the systems-theoretic process analysis," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 18-31.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:169:y:2018:i:c:p:18-31
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2017.07.015
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Børge Rokseth & Ingrid Bouwer Utne & Jan Erik Vinnem, 2017. "A systems approach to risk analysis of maritime operations," Journal of Risk and Reliability, , vol. 231(1), pages 53-68, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shin, Sung-Min & Lee, Sang Hun & Shin, Seung Ki, 2022. "A novel approach for quantitative importance analysis of safety DI&C systems in the nuclear field," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    2. Wróbel, Krzysztof & Montewka, Jakub & Kujala, Pentti, 2018. "Towards the development of a system-theoretic model for safety assessment of autonomous merchant vessels," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 209-224.
    3. Shin, Sung-Min & Lee, Sang Hun & Shin, Seung Ki & Jang, Inseok & Park, Jinkyun, 2021. "STPA-Based Hazard and Importance Analysis on NPP Safety I&C Systems Focusing on Human–System Interactions," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    4. Victor Bolbot & Gerasimos Theotokatos & LA Wennersberg & Jerome Faivre & Dracos Vassalos & Evangelos Boulougouris & Ørnulf Jan Rødseth & Pål Andersen & Ann-Sofie Pauwelyn & Antoon Van Coillie, 2023. "A novel risk assessment process: Application to an autonomous inland waterways ship," Journal of Risk and Reliability, , vol. 237(2), pages 436-458, April.
    5. Bolbot, Victor & Theotokatos, Gerasimos & Bujorianu, Luminita Manuela & Boulougouris, Evangelos & Vassalos, Dracos, 2019. "Vulnerabilities and safety assurance methods in Cyber-Physical Systems: A comprehensive review," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 179-193.
    6. Johansen, Thomas & Blindheim, Simon & Torben, Tobias Rye & Utne, Ingrid Bouwer & Johansen, Tor Arne & Sørensen, Asgeir J., 2023. "Development and testing of a risk-based control system for autonomous ships," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    7. Khastgir, Siddartha & Brewerton, Simon & Thomas, John & Jennings, Paul, 2021. "Systems Approach to Creating Test Scenarios for Automated Driving Systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    8. Nicanor García Álvarez & Belarmino Adenso-Díaz & Laura Calzada-Infante, 2021. "Maritime Traffic as a Complex Network: a Systematic Review," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 387-417, June.
    9. Li, Zhongping & Cui, Lirong & Chen, Jianhui, 2018. "Traffic accident modelling via self-exciting point processes," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 312-320.
    10. Utne, Ingrid Bouwer & Rokseth, Børge & Sørensen, Asgeir J. & Vinnem, Jan Erik, 2020. "Towards supervisory risk control of autonomous ships," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    11. Ramos, M.A. & Thieme, Christoph A. & Utne, Ingrid B. & Mosleh, A., 2020. "Human-system concurrent task analysis for maritime autonomous surface ship operation and safety," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    12. Christoph A Thieme & Børge Rokseth & Ingrid B Utne, 2023. "Risk-informed control systems for improved operational performance and decision-making," Journal of Risk and Reliability, , vol. 237(2), pages 332-354, April.
    13. Juntao Zhang & Hyungju Kim & Yiliu Liu & Mary Ann Lundteigen, 2019. "Combining system-theoretic process analysis and availability assessment: A subsea case study," Journal of Risk and Reliability, , vol. 233(4), pages 520-536, August.

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