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Conditional revitalization: Immigration, disadvantage, and crime in divergent social worlds

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  • Proffit, Calvin

Abstract

The immigrant revitalization thesis has served as the guiding framework for understanding why immigration often protects communities from various forms of crime and violence. While it is well established that immigrants often settle in disadvantaged communities, foundational research spearheaded by Lauren Krivo and Ruth Peterson shows disadvantage fundamentally alters how community context matters. Thus, it is possible that immigration may serve as a strong revitalizing force in extremely disadvantaged communities, whereas its effects may be less pronounced in communities facing low-moderate levels of disadvantage. This study examines within-community change in Chicago's 77 Community Areas (2008–2021) using fixed-effects models to assess how immigration-crime relationships vary across neighborhoods with different levels of disadvantage. It also explores how revitalization mechanisms function differently in varying contexts of disadvantage. Findings suggest immigration effects and the revitalization process are conditioned by contexts of disadvantage.

Suggested Citation

  • Proffit, Calvin, 2025. "Conditional revitalization: Immigration, disadvantage, and crime in divergent social worlds," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jcjust:v:101:y:2025:i:c:s0047235225001989
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102549
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Edward S. Shihadeh & Raymond E. Barranco, 2023. "Latino Paradox or Black Exception? Race, Ethnicity, and Crime in the 21st Century," Societies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-10, May.
    2. Kelly Pierce & Diana Sun & Ben Feldmeyer, 2023. "Staying under the Radar? Immigration Effects on Overdose Deaths and the Impact of Sanctuary Jurisdictions," Societies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-19, May.
    3. Javier Ramos & Cristal Hernandez & Davis Shelfer, 2023. "Illuminating the Immigration–Crime Nexus: A Test of the Immigration Revitalization Perspective," Societies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-17, May.
    4. Songman Kang & B K Song, 2022. "Did Secure Communities Lead to Safer Communities? Immigration Enforcement, Crime Deterrence, and Geographical Externalities," The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, Oxford University Press, vol. 38(2), pages 345-385.
    5. repec:sae:mrxval:v:38:y:2004:i:1:p:131-157 is not listed on IDEAS
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