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Performance of ammonia–water based cycles for power generation from low enthalpy heat sources

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  • Mergner, Hanna
  • Weimer, Thomas

Abstract

Cost efficient power generation from low temperature heat sources requires an optimal usage of the available heat. In addition to the ORC (Organic Rankine Cycles), cycles with ammonia and water as working fluid show promising results regarding efficiency. Due to their non-isothermal phase change, mixtures can adapt well to a liquid heat source temperature profile and reduce the exergetic losses. In this analysis thermodynamic calculations on the layouts of two existing ammonia–water cycles are compared: a geothermal power plant based on a Siemens’ patent and a modified lab plant based on a patent invented by Kalina (KCS-34). The difference between the two cycles is the position of the internal heat recovery. Cycle simulations were carried out at defined boundary conditions in order to identify optimal operation parameters. For the selected heat source of 393.15 K (hot water) the ammonia mass fraction between 80% and 90% results in the best performance in both configurations. In general, the layout of Siemens achieves a slightly better efficiency compared to the KCS-34. Compared to an ORC using R245fa as working fluid, the exergetic efficiency can be increased by the ammonia/water based cycles by approximately 25%.

Suggested Citation

  • Mergner, Hanna & Weimer, Thomas, 2015. "Performance of ammonia–water based cycles for power generation from low enthalpy heat sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 93-100.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:88:y:2015:i:c:p:93-100
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.04.084
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Enhua & Yu, Zhibin & Collings, Peter, 2017. "Dynamic control strategy of a distillation system for a composition-adjustable organic Rankine cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1038-1051.
    2. Jia, Teng & Dai, Yanjun, 2018. "Development of a novel unbalanced ammonia-water absorption-resorption heat pump cycle for space heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 251-265.
    3. Chen, X. & Sun, L.N. & Du, S., 2022. "Analysis and optimization on a modified ammonia-water power cycle for more efficient power generation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    4. Wang, Enhua & Yu, Zhibin, 2016. "A numerical analysis of a composition-adjustable Kalina cycle power plant for power generation from low-temperature geothermal sources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 834-848.
    5. Eller, Tim & Heberle, Florian & Brüggemann, Dieter, 2017. "Second law analysis of novel working fluid pairs for waste heat recovery by the Kalina cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 188-198.
    6. Chen, X. & Wang, R.Z. & Du, S., 2017. "An improved cycle for large temperature lifts application in water-ammonia absorption system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 1361-1369.
    7. Chen, X. & Wang, R.Z. & Du, S., 2017. "Heat integration of ammonia-water absorption refrigeration system through heat-exchanger network analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1585-1599.
    8. Fechner, Dorothee & Kondek, Milena & Kölbel, Thomas & Kolb, Jochen, 2022. "CO2 handling in binary geothermal systems — A modelling approach for different CO2 contents, salinity, pressure and temperature conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 780-791.
    9. Chen, X. & Wang, R.Z. & Wang, L.W. & Du, S., 2017. "A modified ammonia-water power cycle using a distillation stage for more efficient power generation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 1-11.

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