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Analysis of potential fuel consumption and emissions reductions from fuel cell auxiliary power units (APUs) in long-haul trucks

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  • Lutsey, Nicholas
  • Brodrick, Christie-Joy
  • Lipman, Timothy

Abstract

The idling of heavy-duty trucks results in additional emissions, fuel consumption, and cost. Small fuel cell auxiliary power units (APUs) (now in development) are promising alternatives to idling the main engine. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) APU is particularly attractive, because in conjunction with a reformer, it could operate on widely available diesel fuel. Because fuel cell APUs may not only reduce environmental impacts, but also reduce operating costs, this application has been cited as an attractive early market niche for fuel cells. Our objective is to determine whether SOFC APUs are likely to soon be economically feasible for those trucks that idle most and what energy and environmental benefits are probable. We estimate the APU market size as a function of APU costs by applying Monte Carlo sampling and net present value (NPV) economic analysis to our ADVISOR-based vehicle fuel consumption model. Emissions and fuel economy benefits estimates are then presented as a function of varying market penetration levels, assuming installation on only new vehicles and removal at the end of the 4-year SOFC lifecycle. With modest economic incentives from government and continuing fuel cell technology improvements, we find that SOFC APUs might be economically feasible for up to 15% of the long-haul truck population (60,000 trucks) in the United States in the 2015 time frame, resulting in a 30% reduction of heavy-duty truck fuel use during overnight idling and a 40% reduction in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) produced during idling.

Suggested Citation

  • Lutsey, Nicholas & Brodrick, Christie-Joy & Lipman, Timothy, 2007. "Analysis of potential fuel consumption and emissions reductions from fuel cell auxiliary power units (APUs) in long-haul trucks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(12), pages 2428-2438.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:32:y:2007:i:12:p:2428-2438
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2007.05.017
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    1. Pregelj, Boštjan & Micor, Michał & Dolanc, Gregor & Petrovčič, Janko & Jovan, Vladimir, 2016. "Impact of fuel cell and battery size to overall system performance – A diesel fuel-cell APU case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 365-375.
    2. Pregelj, Boštjan & Vrečko, Darko & Petrovčič, Janko & Jovan, Vladimir & Dolanc, Gregor, 2015. "A model-based approach to battery selection for truck onboard fuel cell-based APU in an anti-idling application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 64-76.
    3. Briggs, Ian & Murtagh, Martin & Kee, Robert & McCulloug, Geoffrey & Douglas, Roy, 2017. "Sustainable non-automotive vehicles: The simulation challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 840-851.
    4. Liao, Chun-Hsiung & Lu, Chin-Shan & Tseng, Po-Hsing, 2011. "Carbon dioxide emissions and inland container transport in Taiwan," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 722-728.
    5. Siami-Irdemoosa, Elnaz & Dindarloo, Saeid R., 2015. "Prediction of fuel consumption of mining dump trucks: A neural networks approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 77-84.
    6. Huang, Yanjun & Fard, Soheil Mohagheghi & Khazraee, Milad & Wang, Hong & Khajepour, Amir, 2017. "An adaptive model predictive controller for a novel battery-powered anti-idling system of service vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 318-327.
    7. Anselma, Pier Giuseppe & Belingardi, Giovanni, 2022. "Fuel cell electrified propulsion systems for long-haul heavy-duty trucks: present and future cost-oriented sizing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    8. Fard, Soheil Mohagheghi & Huang, Yanjun & Khazraee, Milad & Khajepour, Amir, 2017. "A novel anti-idling system for service vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 650-659.
    9. Guillaume Leduc, 2009. "Longer and Heavier Vehicles: An overview of technical aspects," JRC Research Reports JRC52392, Joint Research Centre.

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