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Generation characteristics and power quality control of a free piston linear generator considering system uncertainty

Author

Listed:
  • Ma, Yuguo
  • Feng, Huihua
  • Jia, Boru
  • Li, Jian
  • Wei, Yidi
  • Liu, Chang
  • Wang, Jiayu
  • Wei, Shuojian

Abstract

The free piston linear generator (FPLG) is a compact energy converter with high power density and multi-fuel adaptability, yet its practical application is hindered by system uncertainties and harmonic distortions caused by nonlinear piston dynamics. This study establishes an integrated thermodynamic-electromagnetic simulation model, validated against experimental data, to analyze generation characteristics. Results reveal that increasing operating frequency amplifies piston velocity harmonics, leading to high total harmonic distortion (THD >27 %) in induced voltages. Stochastic combustion perturbations further quantify system uncertainties, including fluctuating cylinder pressure, piston velocity, and compression ratio. Compared to uncontrolled rectification (voltage ripple: 40.89 %), controlled rectification significantly improves power quality, achieving minimal ripple (6.87 %) and near-unity power factor (0.985). To address these challenges, innovative control strategies are proposed: active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) replaces the voltage outer-loop PI controller for robust regulation under uncertainties, while dual-layer sequential model predictive control (SMPC) optimizes current tracking with a 63.86 % reduction in switching frequency. The ADRC-SMPC framework minimizes overshoot during abrupt load/voltage changes and maintains comparable stabilization time, demonstrating superior adaptability to dynamic operating conditions. These advancements establish a robust framework for stabilizing FPLG energy output, advancing its viability as a high-efficiency range extender for electric vehicles.

Suggested Citation

  • Ma, Yuguo & Feng, Huihua & Jia, Boru & Li, Jian & Wei, Yidi & Liu, Chang & Wang, Jiayu & Wei, Shuojian, 2025. "Generation characteristics and power quality control of a free piston linear generator considering system uncertainty," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:324:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225015038
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135861
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