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Real-time model-based estimation of injection rate in GDI systems

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  • Zhang, Tantan
  • Ferrari, Alessandro
  • Vento, Oscar

Abstract

A light-weight numerical model has been developed for real-time prediction of the injected flowrate in a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) injector. The simplified model consists of two one-dimensional constant-diameter pipes connected by means of a divergent tube: it receives, as input values, a pressure signal, measured upstream the injector, and a reconstructed needle lift trace, obtained through empirical correlations. Pressure waves propagation in the hydraulic circuit is efficiently simulated, and a satisfactory prediction of the nozzle pressure can be obtained. The simplified model has been extended to account for injector coking effects by incorporating a correction, based on measurements of the flowrate entering the injector. The model has been validated for a wide range of working conditions and the computational time is of approximately 30 ms, making it competitive for ECU implementation. The predicted injected flowrate can be used to obtain an estimation of the measured injected mass, with an error below 1 mg for medium and big injections schedules (injected quantity > 8 mg): this estimation can be employed as a feedback signal for developing a closed loop control of the the injected mass.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Tantan & Ferrari, Alessandro & Vento, Oscar, 2025. "Real-time model-based estimation of injection rate in GDI systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:324:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225013982
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135756
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ferrari, A. & Novara, C. & Paolucci, E. & Vento, O. & Violante, M. & Zhang, T., 2018. "Design and rapid prototyping of a closed-loop control strategy of the injected mass for the reduction of CO2, combustion noise and pollutant emissions in diesel engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 358-367.
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