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Minimum power requirement for environmental control of aircraft

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  • Ordonez, Juan Carlos
  • Bejan, Adrian

Abstract

This paper addresses two basic issues in the thermodynamic optimization of environmental control systems (ECS) for aircraft: realistic limits for the minimal power requirement, and design features that facilitate operation at minimal power consumption. Four models are proposed and optimized. In the first, the ECS operates reversibly, the air stream in the cabin is mixed to one temperature, and the cabin experiences heat transfer with the ambient, across its insulation. The cabin temperature is fixed. In the second model, the fixed cabin temperature is assigned to the internal solid surfaces of the cabin, and a thermal resistance separates these surfaces from the air mixed in the cabin. In the third model, the ECS operates irreversibly, based on the bootstrap air cycle. The fourth model combines the ECS features of the third model with the cabin-environment interaction features of the second model. It is shown that in all models the temperature of the air stream that the ECS delivers to the cabin can be optimized for operation at minimal power. The effect of other design parameters and flying conditions is documented. The optimized air delivery temperature is relatively insensitive to the complexity of the model; for example, it is insensitive to the size of the heat exchanger used in the bootstrap air cycle. This study adds to the view that robustness is a characteristic of optimized complex flow systems, and that thermodynamic optimization results can be used for orientation in the pursuit of more complex and realistic designs.

Suggested Citation

  • Ordonez, Juan Carlos & Bejan, Adrian, 2003. "Minimum power requirement for environmental control of aircraft," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(12), pages 1183-1202.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:28:y:2003:i:12:p:1183-1202
    DOI: 10.1016/S0360-5442(03)00105-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shiba, T. & Bejan, A., 2001. "Thermodynamic optimization of geometric structure in the counterflow heat exchanger for an environmental control system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 26(5), pages 493-512.
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    1. Duan, Zhongdi & Sun, Haoran & Wu, Chengyun & Hu, Haitao, 2022. "Multi-objective optimization of the aircraft environment control system based on component-level parameter decomposition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    2. Kaluri, Ram Satish & Basak, Tanmay, 2011. "Entropy generation due to natural convection in discretely heated porous square cavities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 5065-5080.
    3. Nunes, T.K. & Vargas, J.V.C. & Ordonez, J.C. & Shah, D. & Martinho, L.C.S., 2015. "Modeling, simulation and optimization of a vapor compression refrigeration system dynamic and steady state response," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 540-555.
    4. Sun, Haoran & Duan, Zhongdi & Wang, Xuyang & Wang, Dawei & Wu, Chengyun, 2023. "A pressure-node based dynamic model for simulation and control of aircraft air-conditioning systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PD).
    5. Yang, Yu & Chen, Shuangtao & Sheng, Chunchen & Xie, Hongtao & Luo, Gaoqiao & Hou, Yu, 2021. "Study on coupling performance of turbo-cooler in aircraft environmental control system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    6. Duan, Zhongdi & Sun, Haoran & Wu, Chengyun & Hu, Haitao, 2022. "Flow-network based dynamic modelling and simulation of the temperature control system for commercial aircraft with multiple temperature zones," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    7. Yang, Yuanchao & Gao, Zichen, 2019. "Power optimization of the environmental control system for the civil more electric aircraft," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 196-206.

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