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Economic analysis and optimization of combined solar district heating technologies and systems

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  • Huang, Junpeng
  • Fan, Jianhua
  • Furbo, Simon
  • Chen, Daochuan
  • Dai, Yanjun
  • Kong, Weiqiang

Abstract

To find an optimal economic solution for solar district heating (SDH) in China, an evaluation model based on the levelized cost of heat (LCoH) is developed. A Python program is developed to calculate the LCoH of SDH systems using the quasi-dynamic test method. Based on these calculations, the trend of LCoH with solar collector area under different heating load intensities, heating terminal units, heated areas and land rents is discussed. The optimal solar collector area and the solar fraction are determined for combinations of solar thermal with four types of auxiliary heat sources, including air source heat pumps, ground source heat pumps, gas boilers and gas boilers with seasonal heat storage. The calculations show an economic optimal solar fraction of 11%–33% for a SDH system with heat pumps. High dependency of LCoH on network temperature is found for a SDH system with gas boilers. Seasonal heat storage minimizes LCoH of a SDH system with gas boilers at 100% solar fraction. The findings can be used as a reference for local authorities, consultants and engineers in the early energy planning to determine the optimal proportion of solar energy in a district heating system with the lowest operating cost.

Suggested Citation

  • Huang, Junpeng & Fan, Jianhua & Furbo, Simon & Chen, Daochuan & Dai, Yanjun & Kong, Weiqiang, 2019. "Economic analysis and optimization of combined solar district heating technologies and systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:186:y:2019:i:c:s0360544219315580
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.115886
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    Cited by:

    1. Dorotić, Hrvoje & Pukšec, Tomislav & Schneider, Daniel Rolph & Duić, Neven, 2021. "Evaluation of district heating with regard to individual systems – Importance of carbon and cost allocation in cogeneration units," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    2. Tuncer, Azim Doğuş & Khanlari, Ataollah & Sözen, Adnan & Gürbüz, Emine Yağız & Şirin, Ceylin & Gungor, Afsin, 2020. "Energy-exergy and enviro-economic survey of solar air heaters with various air channel modifications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 67-85.
    3. Kavian, Soheil & Hakkaki-Fard, Ali & Jafari Mosleh, Hassan, 2020. "Energy performance and economic feasibility of hot spring-based district heating system – A case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    4. Wang, Weijun & Dong, Zeyuan, 2021. "Economic benefits assessment of urban wind power central heating demonstration project considering the quantification of environmental benefits: A case from northern China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    5. Liu, Wenjie & Yao, Jian & Jia, Teng & Zhao, Yao & Dai, Yanjun & Zhu, Junjie & Novakovic, Vojislav, 2023. "The performance optimization of DX-PVT heat pump system for residential heating," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1106-1119.
    6. Ding, Zeyu & Hou, Hongjuan & Duan, Liqiang & Hu, Eric & Zhang, Nan & Song, Jifeng, 2022. "Performance analysis and capacity optimization of a solar aided coal-fired combined heat and power system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    7. Ferreira, Ana Cristina & Silva, João & Teixeira, Senhorinha & Teixeira, José Carlos & Nebra, Silvia Azucena, 2020. "Assessment of the Stirling engine performance comparing two renewable energy sources: Solar energy and biomass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 581-597.
    8. Chen, Jiayang & Zheng, Wen & Kong, Ying & Yang, Xiaolin & Liu, Zhaoyang & Xia, Jianjun, 2021. "Case study on combined heat and water system for nuclear district heating in Jiaodong Peninsula," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    9. Krarouch, Mohamed & Allouhi, Amine & Hamdi, Hassan & Outzourhit, Abdelkader, 2024. "Energy, exergy, environment and techno-economic analysis of hybrid solar-biomass systems for space heating and hot water supply: Case study of a Hammam building," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    10. Mäki, Elina & Kannari, Lotta & Hannula, Ilkka & Shemeikka, Jari, 2021. "Decarbonization of a district heating system with a combination of solar heat and bioenergy: A techno-economic case study in the Northern European context," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 1174-1199.
    11. Yang, Tianrun & Liu, Wen & Kramer, Gert Jan & Sun, Qie, 2021. "Seasonal thermal energy storage: A techno-economic literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    12. Sun, Fangtian & Zhao, Xiaoqing & Hao, Baoru, 2023. "Novel solar-driven low temperature district heating and cooling system based on distributed half-effect absorption heat pumps with lithium bromide," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    13. Lizárraga-Morazán, Juan Ramón & Picón-Núñez, Martín, 2023. "Optimal sizing and control strategy of low temperature solar thermal utility systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PC).
    14. Ismail, Muhammad Imran & Yunus, Nor Alafiza & Hashim, Haslenda, 2021. "Integration of solar heating systems for low-temperature heat demand in food processing industry – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    15. Liu, Yanfeng & Zhao, Yiting & Chen, Yaowen & Wang, Dengjia & Li, Yong & Yuan, Xipeng, 2022. "Design optimization of the solar heating system for office buildings based on life cycle cost in Qinghai-Tibet plateau of China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    16. Yao, Jian & Zheng, Sihang & Chen, Daochuan & Dai, Yanjun & Huang, Mingjun, 2021. "Performance improvement of vapor-injection heat pump system by employing PVT collector/evaporator for residential heating in cold climate region," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).

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