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The justifications for terminating parental rights and adoption in the United States

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  • Tefre, Øyvind S.

Abstract

This article examines the normative basis for prioritizing adoption in the “Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997” (ASFA) as expressed by legislators and public witnesses in congressional hearings. By examining six congressional hearings in the period that led to the ASFA, the article provides new insights to understand how adoption is justified in the U.S. not only as an acceptable form of public intervention but also as an actively promoted and preferred approach when reunification is not possible. The article uses a discourse theoretical framework based on Habermas that distinguishes pragmatic, ethical–political, moral, and legal arguments. It reveals that U.S. federal adoption policy is based on three pillars. Pragmatic risk-oriented thinking forms the central knowledge base to inform policy. Parent responsibility ethics stresses individual responsibility for rehabilitation, with secondary support from the welfare system. Child refamilialization ethics emphasizes decisive and authoritative action to protect the child's needs for safety and permanence.

Suggested Citation

  • Tefre, Øyvind S., 2015. "The justifications for terminating parental rights and adoption in the United States," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 87-97.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:48:y:2015:i:c:p:87-97
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.12.009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vinnerljung, Bo & Hjern, Anders, 2011. "Cognitive, educational and self-support outcomes of long-term foster care versus adoption. A Swedish national cohort study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(10), pages 1902-1910, October.
    2. Robinson Lowry, Marcia, 2004. "Putting teeth into ASFA: The need for statutory minimum standards," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 26(11), pages 1021-1031, November.
    3. Stein, Theodore J., 2003. "The Adoption and Safe Families Act: How Congress overlooks available data and ignores systemic obstacles in its pursuit of political goals," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(9), pages 669-682, September.
    4. Beem, Christopher, 2007. "Child welfare and the civic minimum," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 618-636, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Vered Ben David, 2021. "Associations between Parental Mental Health and Child Maltreatment: The Importance of Family Characteristics," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-13, May.

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