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Adolescent residential treatment outcomes: Changes in depressive symptoms throughout treatment

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  • Winston-Lindeboom, Payne
  • Watkins, Nicole
  • Roeske, Michael
  • Ruan-Iu, Linda
  • Weissinger, Guy
  • Diamond, Guy

Abstract

Depression is a highly prevalent and consequential mental health disorder that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, rates of depression among youth ages 12 to 17 have continued to increase, especially when compared to older age groups. For some youth seeking treatment, a 24-hour, intensive, and multimodal treatment experience, such as those found in residential treatment centers, may be beneficial. However, limited studies have investigated changes in depressive symptoms in patients admitted into these programs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate change in depressive symptoms over time, as well as explore potential baseline characteristics that may be associated with intake depressive symptoms and changes in depressive symptoms throughout adolescent residential treatment. All patients (N = 3,562) were admitted between January 2020 and January 2023 and were given a battery of assessments at intake and every two weeks until discharge. This assessment asked about demographics, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Results from the growth curve model indicated that depressive symptoms decreased over the course of treatment. Specifically, scores decreased faster at the beginning, and slower as time in treatment progressed. Additionally, there were sociodemographic and psychological comorbid predictors of intake depressive symptoms and change over time, including differences by age, race, length of stay, gender, anxiety symptoms at intake, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Our findings highlighted that adolescent residential treatment can produce decreases in depressive symptoms over time, even among a high-risk population, and that demographic and co-occurring psychological problems may be influential.

Suggested Citation

  • Winston-Lindeboom, Payne & Watkins, Nicole & Roeske, Michael & Ruan-Iu, Linda & Weissinger, Guy & Diamond, Guy, 2025. "Adolescent residential treatment outcomes: Changes in depressive symptoms throughout treatment," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:172:y:2025:i:c:s0190740925001227
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108239
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pascal Jordan & Meike C Shedden-Mora & Bernd Löwe, 2017. "Psychometric analysis of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) in primary care using modern item response theory," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(8), pages 1-14, August.
    2. Yeheskel, Ariel & Jekielek, Adam & Sandor, Paul, 2020. "Taking up residence: A review of outcome studies examining residential treatment for youth with serious emotional and behavioural disorders," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    3. Nijhof, Karin S. & Otten, Roy & Vermaes, Ignace P.R., 2014. "Stability of post-treatment functioning after residential treatment: The perceptions of parents and adolescents," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 53-61.
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