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Substance use profiles among gang-involved youth: Social ecology implications for service approaches

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  • Bishop, Asia S.
  • Fleming, Christopher M.
  • Nurius, Paula S.

Abstract

Substance use is a frequently cited health risk behavior in the youth gang literature, yet little is known about how substance use experiences vary among gang-involved youth. Developing relevant and effective service approaches will require an understanding of this variation and the contextual factors that are likely to influence particular patterns of use. Using latent class analysis, we identified four substance use classes within a school-based sample of gang-involved youth (n = 2,770): Non-Users (38%), Past Users (15%), Casual Users (27%), and Frequent Multi-Users (21%). These classes were distinguished by substance type, frequency of use, and source of access. Demographic and substance use-specific ecological factors across the family, peer, school, and neighborhood contexts were found to significantly differentiate these classes. Specifically, acceptance of use by parents, friends, and neighbors, along with a lack of family rules and high accessibility in the neighborhood, significantly differentiated use patterns. Findings highlight the need for service approaches that are responsive to both the unique needs of individual gang-involved youth and their environments. Implications for practice are discussed, including the potential utility of a harm reduction service framework to address the spectrum of youth gang substance use.

Suggested Citation

  • Bishop, Asia S. & Fleming, Christopher M. & Nurius, Paula S., 2020. "Substance use profiles among gang-involved youth: Social ecology implications for service approaches," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:119:y:2020:i:c:s0190740920320235
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105600
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wu, Shiyou & Yan, Shi & Marsiglia, Flavio F. & Perron, Brian, 2020. "Patterns and social determinants of substance use among Arizona Youth: A latent class analysis approach," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
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