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Ultrafast laser-induced phase change dynamics in GST with cellular automata model

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  • Zhang, Liwei
  • Peng, Yinying
  • Cencillo-Abad, Pablo

Abstract

Non-volatile phase-change materials (PCMs) exhibit rapid, reversible changes in optical and electrical properties, enabling applications in reconfigurable photonic devices, neuromorphic computing, and high-density memory. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of femtosecond laser-induced phase transitions is critical for designing ultrafast nanophotonic systems. Here, we introduce a multilevel cellular automata (CA) model to simulate the phase transition dynamics in PCMs, such as Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ (GST), under femtosecond laser excitation. Using simple rule sets, our model captures both thermal and non-thermal mechanisms, accurately reproducing multilevel crystallization and ultrafast amorphization in GST films through time-resolved reflectivity and spatial dynamics. The model's versatility extends to other PCMs, offering a practical tool for predicting phase transitions across diverse materials. These results enable the design and optimization of ultrafast optical switches, reconfigurable metasurfaces, and high-density memory, addressing a critical gap in programmable nanophotonic systems with on-demand spatiotemporal control.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Liwei & Peng, Yinying & Cencillo-Abad, Pablo, 2025. "Ultrafast laser-induced phase change dynamics in GST with cellular automata model," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 200(P3).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:200:y:2025:i:p3:s0960077925011063
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.117093
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yifei Zhang & Jeffrey B. Chou & Junying Li & Huashan Li & Qingyang Du & Anupama Yadav & Si Zhou & Mikhail Y. Shalaginov & Zhuoran Fang & Huikai Zhong & Christopher Roberts & Paul Robinson & Bridget Bo, 2019. "Broadband transparent optical phase change materials for high-performance nonvolatile photonics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Byari, M. & Bernoussi, A. & Jellouli, O. & Ouardouz, M. & Amharref, M., 2022. "Multi-scale 3D cellular automata modeling: Application to wildland fire spread," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    3. Tian, Junfang & Li, Guangyu & Treiber, Martin & Jiang, Rui & Jia, Ning & Ma, Shoufeng, 2016. "Cellular automaton model simulating spatiotemporal patterns, phase transitions and concave growth pattern of oscillations in traffic flow," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 93(PA), pages 560-575.
    4. Lazzari, Paolo & Seriani, Nicola, 2024. "Two-dimensional cellular automata—Deterministic models of growth," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
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