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Energy-optimized operation of a distributed data center infrastructure located in wind farms: a multi-agent system approach

Author

Listed:
  • Kilian, Alexander
  • Bettermann, Michael
  • de Meer, Hermann

Abstract

This work proposes a multi-agent system aimed at increasing the computing sustainability of high-performance computing data centers that are distributed among several wind farms. The novel approach of wind turbines housing high-performance computing data centers seeks to maximize renewable energy usage by supplying the data centers with otherwise curtailed wind energy, thus increasing wind farm efficiency as well. To optimize data center operation in this unique environment, job execution should be prioritized during periods of high availability of renewable energy. When wind power generation is low, resource utilization should be continuously adjusted to minimize gray electricity consumption with high carbon intensity or high grid consumption costs. Furthermore, green service-level agreements are introduced allowing for more flexibility in terms of deadline compliance, thereby fostering energy-aware data center operation. The proposed multi-agent system realizes a moving-horizon, multi-objective optimization problem to find the best operational strategy, taking into account both sustainability and performance concerns, and is compared against a selection of baseline job scheduling strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Kilian, Alexander & Bettermann, Michael & de Meer, Hermann, 2026. "Energy-optimized operation of a distributed data center infrastructure located in wind farms: a multi-agent system approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 409(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:409:y:2026:i:c:s0306261926001066
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127454
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ahmadi, Mehdi & Knorr, Lukas & Meschede, Henning, 2025. "Improvement of wind power utilization through flexible operation of data center in wind parks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
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