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Dynamic modeling and control of a two-reactor metal hydride energy storage system

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  • Krane, Patrick
  • Nash, Austin L.
  • Ziviani, Davide
  • Braun, James E.
  • Marconnet, Amy M.
  • Jain, Neera

Abstract

Metal hydrides have been studied for use in energy storage, hydrogen storage, and air-conditioning (A/C) systems. A common architecture for A/C and energy storage systems is two metal hydride reactors connected to each other so that hydrogen can flow between them, allowing for cyclic use of the hydrogen. This paper presents a nonlinear dynamic model and multivariate control strategy of such a system. Each reactor is modeled as a shell-and-tube heat exchanger connected to a circulating fluid, and a compressor drives hydrogen flow between the reactors. We further develop a linear state–space version of this model integrated with a model predictive controller to determine the fluid mass flow rates and compressor pressure difference required to achieve desired heat transfer rates between the metal hydride and the fluid. A series of case studies demonstrates that this controller can track desired heat transfer rates in each reactor, even in the presence of time-varying circulating fluid inlet temperatures, thereby enabling the use of a two-reactor system for energy storage or integration with a heat pump.

Suggested Citation

  • Krane, Patrick & Nash, Austin L. & Ziviani, Davide & Braun, James E. & Marconnet, Amy M. & Jain, Neera, 2022. "Dynamic modeling and control of a two-reactor metal hydride energy storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:325:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922011059
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119836
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sunku Prasad, J. & Muthukumar, P., 2022. "Design and performance analysis of an annular metal hydride reactor for large-scale hydrogen storage applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1155-1166.
    2. Liu, Yang & Wang, Hongxia & Ayub, Iqra & Yang, Fusheng & Wu, Zhen & Zhang, Zaoxiao, 2021. "A variable cross-section annular fins type metal hydride reactor for improving the phenomenon of inhomogeneous reaction in the thermal energy storage processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    3. Bhogilla, Satya Sekhar, 2021. "Numerical simulation of metal hydride based thermal energy storage system for concentrating solar power plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 1013-1020.
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    Cited by:

    1. Vamsi Krishna Kukkapalli & Sunwoo Kim & Seth A. Thomas, 2023. "Thermal Management Techniques in Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage Applications: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-27, April.
    2. Ruizhe Ran & Jing Wang & Fusheng Yang & Rahmatjan Imin, 2024. "Fast Design and Numerical Simulation of a Metal Hydride Reactor Embedded in a Conventional Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-18, February.

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