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Subsurface drainage outlet detection in ditches and streams with UAV thermal infrared imagery: Preliminary research

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  • Allred, Barry
  • Martinez, Luis
  • Khanal, Sami
  • Sawyer, Audrey H.
  • Rouse, Greg

Abstract

Environmental risk assessment of impacts due to agricultural subsurface drainage practices can benefit from information on drainage system outlet locations along ditches and streams. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) thermal infrared (TIR) surveys may provide a means, through thermal response recognition, to map these subsurface drainage system pipe outlets. Consequently, the objective of this research was to provide a preliminary feasibility assessment on the applicability of UAV TIR imagery for locating these drainage system outlets. Drainage outlet detection with UAV TIR surveys was tested at five sites in Ohio, U.S.A. with a range of waterway sizes from drainage ditch to small and larger streams. There were four key findings from this preliminary study. (1) The UAV TIR surveys detected the ditch/stream water thermal responses associated with drainage system pipe outlets at both a drainage ditch and a small stream. This thermal response is characterized by a ditch/stream water change in apparent radiant temperature (Trad) from upgradient of the outlet to downgradient of the outlet. (2) As shown by one example in this study, the outlet thermal response in cold winter months, when detectable, is likely the reverse of that obtained during warmer periods of the year. (3) The detected thermal response is rather subtle, exhibiting around a 1 °C ditch/stream water Trad change from upgradient of the outlet to downgradient of the outlet. (4) The UAV TIR surveys did not detect thermal responses associated with drainage system pipe outlets at three sites with larger sized streams. Since other factors in drainage ditches and streams may produce water Trad variations that are of the same magnitude of a drainage system pipe outlet thermal response, the use of UAV TIR imagery as a means to map drainage system outlet locations might not be completely practical; however, more investigation is certainly warranted.

Suggested Citation

  • Allred, Barry & Martinez, Luis & Khanal, Sami & Sawyer, Audrey H. & Rouse, Greg, 2022. "Subsurface drainage outlet detection in ditches and streams with UAV thermal infrared imagery: Preliminary research," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:271:y:2022:i:c:s0378377422002840
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107737
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Allred, Barry & Martinez, Luis & Fessehazion, Melake K. & Rouse, Greg & Koganti, Triven & Freeland, Robert & Eash, Neal & Wishart, DeBonne & Featheringill, Robert, 2021. "Time of day impact on mapping agricultural subsurface drainage systems with UAV thermal infrared imagery," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    2. Barry Allred & DeBonne Wishart & Luis Martinez & Harry Schomberg & Steven Mirsky & George Meyers & John Elliott & Christine Charyton, 2018. "Delineation of Agricultural Drainage Pipe Patterns Using Ground Penetrating Radar Integrated with a Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-14, October.
    3. Kratt, C.B. & Woo, D.K. & Johnson, K.N. & Haagsma, M. & Kumar, P. & Selker, J. & Tyler, S., 2020. "Field trials to detect drainage pipe networks using thermal and RGB data from unmanned aircraft," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    4. Macrae, M.L. & English, M.C. & Schiff, S.L. & Stone, M., 2007. "Intra-annual variability in the contribution of tile drains to basin discharge and phosphorus export in a first-order agricultural catchment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 92(3), pages 171-182, September.
    5. Allred, Barry & Martinez, Luis & Fessehazion, Melake K. & Rouse, Greg & Williamson, Tanja N. & Wishart, DeBonne & Koganti, Triven & Freeland, Robert & Eash, Neal & Batschelet, Adam & Featheringill, Ro, 2020. "Overall results and key findings on the use of UAV visible-color, multispectral, and thermal infrared imagery to map agricultural drainage pipes," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    6. Lenka Tlapáková & Jiří Žaloudík & Jaromír Kolejka, 2017. "Thematic survey of subsurface drainage systems in the Czech Republic," Journal of Maps, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(2), pages 55-65, November.
    7. Allred, Barry & Eash, Neal & Freeland, Robert & Martinez, Luis & Wishart, DeBonne, 2018. "Effective and efficient agricultural drainage pipe mapping with UAS thermal infrared imagery: A case study," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 132-137.
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