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Does Child Mortality Reflect Gender Bias? Evidence from Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Lata Gangadharan

    (University of Melbourne)

  • Pushkar Maitra

    (University of Melbourne)

Abstract

In this paper we use child level data from Pakistan to estimate the probability of child mortality. We find that overall girls have a higher probability of surviving and when we look at disaggregated data we find that relative to boys, girls have a significantly lower probability of dying in the age group 0-1 but have a significantly higher probability of dying in the age group 1-5. The results are robust to mother level unobserved heterogeneity. Education of the mother is seen to have a significant and negative effect on child mortality and there is a threshold level of education that the mother has to attain before education starts affecting child mortality. We also find that increased duration between the births significantly reduces child mortality. We argue that the higher mortality of girls in the age group 1-5 reflects discrimination against girls in the form of lower health and other resource inputs.

Suggested Citation

  • Lata Gangadharan & Pushkar Maitra, 2000. "Does Child Mortality Reflect Gender Bias? Evidence from Pakistan," Indian Economic Review, Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, vol. 35(2), pages 113-131, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:dse:indecr:v:35:y:2000:i:2:p:113-131
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Abay Asfaw & Francesca Lamanna & Stephan Klasen, 2010. "Gender gap in parents' financing strategy for hospitalization of their children: evidence from India," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 19(3), pages 265-279, March.
    2. Asfaw, Abay & Klasen, Stephan & Lamanna, Francesca, 2007. "Intra-household Gender Disparities in Children’s Medical Care before Death in India," IZA Discussion Papers 2586, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Armand Mboutchouang K. & Cédric Foyet K. & Cédrick Kalemasi M., 2023. "Child fostering and health nutritional outcomes of under-five: Evidence from Cameroon," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 23/008, African Governance and Development Institute..
    4. Abay Asfaw & Stephan Klasen & Francesca Lamanna, 2008. "Intrahousehold Health Care Financing Strategy and the Gender Gap: Empirical Evidence from India," Ibero America Institute for Econ. Research (IAI) Discussion Papers 177, Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research.
    5. Armand Mboutchouang K. & Cédric Foyet K. & Cédrick Kalemasi M., 2023. "Child fostering and health nutritional outcomes of under-five: Evidence from Cameroon," Working Papers 23/008, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    6. Yahya Abou Ly, 2020. "Determinants of Child Malnutrition in Mauritania," Working Papers 391, African Economic Research Consortium, Research Department.
    7. Pushkar Maitra & Xiujian Peng & Yaer Zhuang, 2006. "Parental Education and Child Health: Evidence from China," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 20(1), pages 47-74, March.
    8. Ashish Singh, 2015. "Gender based within-household inequality in immunization status of children: some evidence from South Asian countries," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 35(2), pages 911-923.
    9. Armand Mboutchouang K. & Cédric Foyet K. & Cédrick Kalemasi M., 2023. "Child fostering and health nutritional outcomes of under-five: Evidence from Cameroon," Working Papers of The Association for Promoting Women in Research and Development in Africa (ASPROWORDA). 23/003, The Association for Promoting Women in Research and Development in Africa (ASPROWORDA).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • C31 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models
    • C35 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions

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