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Arbeiten auf Onlineplattformen: selbständig oder abhängig?

Author

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  • Michael Arnold
  • Ferdinand Pavel
  • Katharina Weber

Abstract

Due to technical innovations online platforms are capable of reducing transaction costs between market participants demanding a certain product or service and others supplying it. The extent to which the online platforms intervenes in the interaction between the market participants determines their impacts on the labor market. While online marketplaces essentially update classic marketplaces by means of technology, dealers with platform-character intervene that much into the interaction that the platform operator itself seems to be rendering the service. However, the dealer organizes the supply of his service by means of selfemployed freelancers instead of employees. As a variety of employee rights are based on dependent employment, the shift towards more self-employment could warrant a need for action in regards to social safeguards and interest groups for self-employed freelancers. MyHammer (marketplace), Helpling and Clickworker (dealer with platform character), the online platforms discussed in the paper at hand, illustrate this assessment. Onlineplattformen gelingt es durch technische Innovationen die Transaktionskosten zwischen Nachfragenden und Anbietenden von Gütern und Dienstleistungen deutlich zu reduzieren. Dabei hängt die Bedeutung der Plattformen für den Arbeitsmarkt insbesondere davon ab, inwieweit sie in die Interaktion zwischen den Marktteilnehmenden eingreifen. Während Onlinemarktplätze im Wesentlichen den klassischen Marktplatz technologisch aufwerten, greifen Händler mit Plattformcharakter so sehr in die Interaktion ein, dass der Plattformbetreiber scheinbar selbst die Dienstleistung erbringt. Allerdings organisiert er deren Bereitstellung mit Hilfe von Soloselbständigen anstelle von abhängig Beschäftigten. Da eine Vielzahl von Arbeitnehmerrechten an die abhängige Beschäftigung in Unternehmen geknüpft ist, könnte diese Verschiebung zu mehr selbständiger Beschäftigung Handlungsbedarfe in den Bereichen der Absicherung und Interessensvertretung von Soloselbständigen begründen. Auf der Grundlage der im Beitrag präsentierten Onlineplattformen MyHammer (Marktplatz), Helpling und Clickworker (Händler mit Plattformcharakter) wird diese Einschätzung illustriert.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Arnold & Ferdinand Pavel & Katharina Weber, 2016. "Arbeiten auf Onlineplattformen: selbständig oder abhängig?," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 85(3), pages 19-35.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:85-3-2
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.85.3.19
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Christine Mayrhuber & Julia Bock-Schappelwein, 2018. "Dimensionen plattformbasierter Arbeit in Österreich und Europa. Implikationen für die soziale Sicherheit," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 61667, Juni.
    2. Christine Mayrhuber & Julia Bock-Schappelwein, 2018. "Digitalisierung und soziale Sicherheit," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 91(12), pages 891-897, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    On-demand economy; gig economy; labour market; self-employment; multi-sided markets;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J20 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - General
    • J80 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - General
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements

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