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Beyond Bounded Rationality: CEO Reflective Capacity and Firm Sustainability Performance

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  • Jia, Yingya
  • Tsui, Anne S.
  • Yu, Xiaoyu

Abstract

Optimal or rational decision making is not possible due to informational constraints and limits in computation capability of humans (March & Simon, 1958; March, 1978). This bounded rationality serves as a filtering process in decision making among business executives (Hambrick & Mason, 1984). In this study, we propose the concept of CEO reflective capacity as a behavior-oriented cognitive capability that may overcome to some extent the pervasive limitation of bounded rationality in executive decision-making. Following Hinkin's (1998) method and two executive samples, we developed and validated a three-dimensional measure of CEO reflective capacity. Based on two-wave surveys of CEOs and their executive-subordinates in 213 Chinese small-medium sized firms, we tested and confirmed three hypotheses on how CEO reflective capacity is related to a firm's sustainability performance (including economic, societal, and environmental dimensions) through the mediating mechanisms of strategic decision comprehensiveness and CEO behavioral complexity. We discuss the contribution of this study to the literature on the upper echelons and information processing perspectives. We also identify the implications for future research on strategic leadership and managerial cognition in complex and dynamic contexts. 由于信息处理能力所限,人类决策难以绝对理性,即使是CEO等高级管理者也难以避免在战略决策过程中的信息“滤镜”。为了帮助CEO突破有限理性之局限,本文提出一个新的概念——CEO反思能力,即CEO致力于观察、获取、解读、整合多元化信息,反复思考以满足企业发展需求的高阶认知能力。本文首先基于两组高管样本,开发和验证了CEO反思能力的三因素量表。随后通过对213家中国中小企业的CEO-高管的两阶段配对问卷的分析发现:CEO反思能力与企业可持续绩效(包含环境、社会和经济三个维度)显著正相关,且战略决策周密性和CEO行为复杂性在二者关系中发挥中介作用。本文对动态环境下的战略领导力与管理认知研究具有启发意义。 Оптимальное или рациональное принятие решений невозможно из-за нехватки информации, а также ограниченных мыслительных возможностей человека (March, Simon, 1958; March, 1978). Эта ограниченная рациональность служит фильтром при принятии решений среди руководителей предприятий (Hambrick & Mason, 1984). В данной работе, мы предлагаем концепцию рефлексивной способности генерального директора в качестве поведенческой когнитивной способности, которая может в некоторой степени преодолеть всеобъемлющее влияние ограниченной рациональности при принятии управленческих решений. На основе метода Хинкина (1998) и двух выборок из руководителей, мы разработали и применили трехмерную модель измерения рефлексивной способности генерального директора. В результате двухэтапного опроса руководителей и их подчиненных в 213 китайских компаниях малого и среднего бизнеса, мы проверили и подтвердили три гипотезы о том, как рефлексивная способность генерального директора связана с показателями устойчивого развития (включая экономические, социальные и экологические аспекты) посредством регулирующих механизмов, которые заключаются во всеобъемлющем характере стратегических решений и в сложности поведения генерального директора. Мы обсуждаем вклад этого исследования в научную литературу о руководстве высшего звена и перспективах обработки информации. Мы также определяем значение этой работы для будущих исследований по стратегическому руководству и управленческому мышлению в сложных и динамичных условиях. La toma de decisiones óptima o racional no es posible debido a las restricciones de información y los límites en capacidades de computación de los humanos (March y Simon, 1958; March, 1978). Esta racionalidad limitada sirve como un proceso de filtrado en la toma de decisiones de los ejecutivos (Hambrick y Mason, 1984). En este estudio, proponemos el concepto de la capacidad reflexiva del director general como una capacidad cognitiva orientada al comportamiento que se puede superar hasta cierto punto la limitación dominante de la racionalidad limitada en la toma de decisiones de los ejecutivos. Siguiendo el método de Hinkin (1998) y dos muestras de ejecutivos, desarrollamos y validamos una medida tridimensional de la capacidad reflexiva de los directores generales. Con base en dos encuestas a directores generales y sus subordinados en 213 pequeñas y medianas empresas chinas, pusimos a prueba y confirmamos tres hipótesis sobre cómo la capacidad reflexiva de los directores generales se relaciona con el desempeño de la sostenibilidad de la empresa (incluyendo las dimensiones económicas, sociales y ambientales) mediante los mecanismos de mediación de lo exhaustivo de las decisiones estratégicas y la complejidad comportamental del director general. Discutimos la contribución de este estudio a la literatura sobre las perspectivas de los escalones superiores y el procesamiento de información. También identificamos las implicaciones para la investigación futura sobre liderazgo estratégico y cognición general en contextos complejos y dinámicos.

Suggested Citation

  • Jia, Yingya & Tsui, Anne S. & Yu, Xiaoyu, 2021. "Beyond Bounded Rationality: CEO Reflective Capacity and Firm Sustainability Performance," Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 17(4), pages 777-814, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:cup:maorev:v:17:y:2021:i:4:p:777-814_8
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    Cited by:

    1. Iulia E. Labunets & Igor A. Mayburov, 2023. "Rationality of the Tax and Economic Behavior of Enterprises in the Russian Forestry Sector," Journal of Tax Reform, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, vol. 9(1), pages 110-127.
    2. Piotr Tarka & Elżbieta Jędrych, 2023. "Toward an exploratory framework of determinants of marketing research effectiveness in business organizations," Journal of Marketing Analytics, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(3), pages 503-522, September.
    3. Xiaode Ji & Yanzhao Su & Yue Zhang & Hui Wang, 2023. "Making Our Firm More Sustainable: The Role of CEO Vision Communication of Sustainability on Sustainability Performance," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, November.

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