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The PopuList: A Database of Populist, Far-Left, and Far-Right Parties Using Expert-Informed Qualitative Comparative Classification (EiQCC)

Author

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  • Rooduijn, Matthijs
  • Pirro, Andrea L. P.
  • Halikiopoulou, Daphne
  • Froio, Caterina
  • Van Kessel, Stijn
  • De Lange, Sarah L.
  • Mudde, Cas
  • Taggart, Paul

Abstract

With a proliferation of scholarly work focusing on populist, far-left, and far-right parties, questions have arisen about the correct ways to ideologically classify such parties. To ensure transparency and uniformity in research, the discipline could benefit from a systematic procedure. In this letter, we discuss how we have employed the method of ‘Expert-informed Qualitative Comparative Classification’ (EiQCC) to construct the newest version of The PopuList (3.0) – a database of populist, far-left, and far-right parties in Europe since 1989. This method takes into account the in-depth knowledge of national party experts while allowing for systematic comparative analysis across cases and over time. We also examine how scholars have made use of the previous versions of the dataset, explain how the new version of The PopuList differs from previous ones, and compare it to other data. We conclude with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of The PopuList dataset.

Suggested Citation

  • Rooduijn, Matthijs & Pirro, Andrea L. P. & Halikiopoulou, Daphne & Froio, Caterina & Van Kessel, Stijn & De Lange, Sarah L. & Mudde, Cas & Taggart, Paul, 2024. "The PopuList: A Database of Populist, Far-Left, and Far-Right Parties Using Expert-Informed Qualitative Comparative Classification (EiQCC)," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 54(3), pages 969-978, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:bjposi:v:54:y:2024:i:3:p:969-978_24
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    Cited by:

    1. Huang-Ting Yan & Chin-En Wu, 2025. "Intra-executive competition as a way to build political trust: Evidence from European semi-presidential countries," European Union Politics, , vol. 26(4), pages 759-782, December.
    2. Popa Radu & Aliman Mihai, 2025. "Determinants of Adopting Extraordinary Bank Taxes in the Euro Area in the Post-COVID 19 era," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Sciendo, vol. 19(1), pages 2993-3006.
    3. repec:rim:rimwps:24-14 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Philipp Broniecki & Bjørn Høyland, 2025. "What unites the right in the European Parliament?," European Union Politics, , vol. 26(3), pages 637-644, September.
    5. Giebler, Heiko & Giesecke, Johannes & Humphreys, Macartan & Hutter, Swen & Klüver, Heike, 2026. "Mobilizing Europe’s citizens to take action on migration and climate change: behavioral evidence from 27 EU member states," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 33(2), pages 607-635.
    6. Lester, Cian, 2025. "Fiscal Policy and Political Ideology : Did Austerity Reshape Britains Political Landscape?," Warwick-Monash Economics Student Papers 88, Warwick Monash Economics Student Papers.
    7. Federle, Jonathan-Julian & Mohr, Cathrin & Schularick, Moritz, 2024. "Inflation surprises and election outcomes," Kiel Working Papers 2278, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
    8. Drapalova, Eliska & Paxton, Fred, 2025. "Competing over the "left behind": the effect of independent local lists on the electoral performance of populist parties," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-29.
    9. Bayerlein, Michael & Diermeier, Matthias, 2025. "Exchanging money for love? A regional analysis of EU cohesion policy and Euroscepticism," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(4), pages 1118-1132.
    10. Jörg Haßler & Melanie Magin & Uta Russmann & Anna-Katharina Wurst & Delia Cristina Balaban & Paweł Baranowski & Jakob Linaa Jensen & Simon Kruschinski & Georgios Lappas & Sara Machado & Martina Novotn, 2025. "Weaponizing Wedge Issues: Strategies of Populism and Illiberalism in European Election Campaigning on Facebook," Media and Communication, Cogitatio Press, vol. 13.
    11. Mattia Zulianello, 2026. "The PopulisTree: A systematic taxonomy and dataset to study populist parties in Europe," European Union Politics, , vol. 27(1), pages 179-195, March.

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