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¿Puede una expansión educativa reducir la desigualdad? Un ejercicio de microsimulaciones para Colombia

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  • Juan Pablo Uribe

Abstract

En la literatura que estudia los determinantes de la desigualdad en Colombia se encuentra que la educación es un factor fundamental a la hora de explicar sus altos niveles. En este trabajo se simulan diferentes escenarios de cambios en la distribución de la escolaridad con el objetivo de aportar evidencia empírica al diseno de políticas que busquen reducir la desigualdad. En particular, se estudia si aumentar la educación básica, la educación media o la educación superior es efectivo para reducir la desigualdad y si un esfuerzo por garantizar educación básica y media o las tres de manera simultánea tiene un mayor efecto. También se estudia si enfocar los aumentos en educación en los departamentos que se caracterizan por tener niveles bajos de cobertura es más efectivo que hacerlo de manera general para toda la población. Los resultados sugieren que para que un cambio en el nivel educativo pueda contribuir de manera importante a una reducción en los índices de desigualdad se necesita realizar de manera conjunta esfuerzos en educación básica, media y superior y enfocarse en los departamentos con niveles bajos de cobertura. De lo contrario, los efectos serían modestos o incluso perversos: aumentar la cobertura en educación superior de manera general, sin focalizar en los departamentos con niveles bajos en cobertura, puede aumentar levemente la desigualdad. Abstract. The literature that studies the determinants of inequality in Colombia finds that education is a key explanatory factor. However, studies in other countries shows that increases in education are not necessarily associated with reductions in inequality. This paper simulate different scenarios of increases in the educational level of the Colombian population and evaluate their effect on inequality. In particular it explores changes focused in a particular level of education (primary, secondary, tertiary), changes in more than one level, and changes focused in the regions with lower educational levels. The results suggest that inequality can be lower if the changes in the education are applied simultaneously in primary, secondary and higher education and focused on departments with low levels of coverage. Otherwise, the effects would be modest or even perverse: increasing the coverage of higher education in general, without focusing in departments with low coverage levels, may increase inequality.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Pablo Uribe, 2013. "¿Puede una expansión educativa reducir la desigualdad? Un ejercicio de microsimulaciones para Colombia," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:011650
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11445/255
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Educación; desigualdad; microsimulaciones.Education; inequality; microsimulation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C15 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • I28 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Government Policy
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J38 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Public Policy

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