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Panorama económico, político y sanitario de América Latina y el Caribe al comienzo de la pandemia del COVID-19

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  • Penafiel Chang, Luis Eduardo

Abstract

Resumen: Con este artículo se busca reducir la dimensionalidad de un grupo de variables económicas, sanitarias, sociales y políticas de países de América Latina y el Caribe mediante la aplicación de componentes principales (CP) y clúster, para adquirir una mejor percepción respecto a las condiciones con las que contó la región para afrontar el primer momento de la pandemia del COVID-19 con corte al 10 de abril de 2020. Entre los principales resultados se encuentra que los países que conservan mejores indicadores sociales, de estabilidad política y corrupción no solo poseen superiores infraestructuras sanitarias, sino que además fueron los que mejor gestionaron la primera fase de la pandemia. Sin embargo, si las buenas condiciones no son combinadas con estrategias de mitigación, el virus tiende a una mayor propagación. Por otra parte, se distinguen también características generales en América Latina y el Caribe, como poca inversión en salud; baja cantidad de pruebas de COVID-19 y limitada maniobra financiera. En síntesis, el panorama económico, político y social de la región muestra los grandes retos que persistirán durante y después de la pandemia. Abstract: This article seeks to reduce the dimensionality of a group of economic, health, social and political variables of Latin American and Caribbean countries through the application of principal components (PC) and cluster, to acquire a better perception regarding the conditions under which counted the region to face the first moment of the COVID-19 pandemic with cut-off to April 10, 2020. Among the main results is that the countries that have better social, political stability and corruption indicators not only have superior health infrastructures, but they were also the ones that best managed the first phase of the pandemic. However, if good conditions are not combined with mitigation strategies, the virus tends to spread further. On the other hand, there are also typical characteristics in Latin America and the Caribbean, such as little investment in health; low amount of COVID-19 testing and limited financial maneuvering. In summary, the economic, political, and social panorama of the region shows the great challenges that will persist during and after the pandemic. Résumé: Cet article propose une analyse concernant la réduction de la dimensionnalité d’un groupe de variables économiques, sanitaires, sociales et politiques de la région d’Amérique latine et des Caraibes, a travers l’application de la méthode de composantes principales (PC) et de cluster. Cette démarche sert a avoir une meilleure perception des conditions qui avait la région avant le 10 avril 2020, c’est-a-dire, juste avant l’arrivée de la pandémie de COVID-19. Parmi les principaux résultats, nous montrons que les pays qui avaient de meilleurs indicateurs de stabilité sociale, politique et de faible corruption ont, non seulement des infrastructures de santé supérieures, mais ils ont été aussi ceux qui ont le mieux géré la premiere phase de la pandémie. Cependant, si les bonnes conditions ne sont pas combinées a des stratégies d’atténuation, le virus a tendance a se propager davantage. Nous montrons également quelques caractéristiques générales d’Amérique latine et les Caraibes a ce sujet, telles que le moindre niveau d’investissements dans la santé, la faible quantité de tests COVID-19 réalisés et le manque de stratégies financieres innovatrices. En résumé, le panorama économique, politique et social de la région montre les grands défis qui persisteront pendant et apres la pandémie.

Suggested Citation

  • Penafiel Chang, Luis Eduardo, 2021. "Panorama económico, político y sanitario de América Latina y el Caribe al comienzo de la pandemia del COVID-19," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, issue No. 95, pages 11-44, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000174:019603
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    Keywords

    instituciones políticas; análisis multivariado; relaciones económicas internacionales; política de la salud; covid-19;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C45 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Neural Networks and Related Topics
    • E65 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
    • H51 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Health
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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