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Dimensions of Social Equality in Paid Parental Leave Policy Design: Comparing Australia and Japan

Author

Listed:
  • Gillian Whitehouse

    (School of Political Science and International Studies, The University of Queensland, Australia)

  • Hideki Nakazato

    (Department of Sociology, Faculty of Letters, Konan University, Japan)

Abstract

Paid parental leave policies in both Australia and Japan fit within Dobrotić and Blum’s (2020) classification of a selective employment-based entitlement model, thus offering an extension of that category beyond Europe and illustrating the wide variation possible within it. In this article we develop indices for comparing employment-based parental leave policies on three dimensions of social equality: inclusion, gender equality and redistribution. This combination offers an extension of classificatory schemes for parental leave policies and a broader basis for comparative analysis. We compare Australia and Japan on these indices and present a qualitative exploration of the origins and implications of their similarities and differences. The analysis draws attention to tensions between the three indices, illustrating intersecting and conflicting influences on the potential for paid parental leave entitlements to contribute to the amelioration of social inequalities. Overall, the comparison highlights drivers of difference within employment-based entitlement systems and underlines the need for complementary measures to advance egalitarian outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Gillian Whitehouse & Hideki Nakazato, 2021. "Dimensions of Social Equality in Paid Parental Leave Policy Design: Comparing Australia and Japan," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(2), pages 288-299.
    • Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v:9:y:2021:i:2:p:288-299
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Janet C. Gornick & Marcia K. Meyers, 2008. "Creating Gender Egalitarian Societies: An Agenda for Reform," Politics & Society, , vol. 36(3), pages 313-349, September.
    2. Joris Ghysels & Wim Van Lancker, 2010. "The unequal benefits of family activation: an analysis of the social distribution of family policy among families with young children," Working Papers 1008, Herman Deleeck Centre for Social Policy, University of Antwerp.
    3. Productivity Commission, 2009. "Paid Parental Leave: Support for Parents with Newborn Children," Inquiry Reports, Productivity Commission, Government of Australia, number 47.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sonja Blum & Ivana Dobrotić, 2021. "The Inclusiveness of Social Rights: The Case of Leave Policies," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(2), pages 222-226.

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