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State Regulations and Elitisation: A Study of Civil Society Elites in Indonesia and Cambodia

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  • Cornelis Lay

    (Department of Politics and Government, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

  • Netra Eng

    (Cambodia Development Resource Institute, Cambodia)

Abstract

This article analyses how and to what extent state regulation of civil society organisations (CSOs) have resulted in elitisation, i.e., the process of obtaining elite status within and beyond civil society. This is studied in the context of emerging democracy in Indonesia and shrinking civic space in Cambodia. Combining Bourdieu’s concepts of field and elite with strategic action fields, the article uses data from interviews with civil society leaders. It finds different patterns. In Indonesia, elitisation occurs through a process of CSO formalisation and bureaucratisation, with elites gaining legitimacy owing to their formal offices. As a result, competition for formal positions intensifies: This is particularly notable among national CSO leaders, who may shift their activities to the grassroots level to seek further empowerment and other capitals to legitimise their elite status, facilitate the rise of leaders in existing fields, and create pluralistic forms of elites. Regulations have also resulted in the marginalisation of non-formal elites and shifted the locus of legitimacy from activism to formalism. Meanwhile, in Cambodia, regulatory formalisation and bureaucratisation has not only reduced the space for elite competition and level of competitiveness, but also created ‘most dominant actors’ or ‘hyper-elites’ who are loyal to and support the regime and its priorities while punishing those who do not. This has resulted in a monolithic form of elites.

Suggested Citation

  • Cornelis Lay & Netra Eng, 2020. "State Regulations and Elitisation: A Study of Civil Society Elites in Indonesia and Cambodia," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 8(3), pages 97-108.
    • Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:97-108
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Lewis, 2008. "Crossing the Boundaries between ‘Third Sector’ and State: life-work histories from the Philippines, Bangladesh and the UK," Third World Quarterly, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(1), pages 125-141.
    2. Karen Bassarab & Jill K. Clark & Raychel Santo & Anne Palmer, 2019. "Finding Our Way to Food Democracy: Lessons from US Food Policy Council Governance," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 7(4), pages 32-47.
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    Cited by:

    1. Håkan Johansson & Anders Uhlin, 2020. "Civil Society Elites: A Research Agenda," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 8(3), pages 82-85.

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