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The impact of emerging institutional norms on adoption timing decisions: evidence from C‐TPAT—A government antiterrorism initiative

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  • William J. Ritchie
  • Steven A. Melnyk

Abstract

Drawing upon an institutional theoretic perspective, this study explores the performance outcomes associated with adoption timing and level of investment in a government antiterrorism initiative—the Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C‐TPAT). Using a large‐scale sample of C‐TPAT certified importers, this study found that performance outcomes for high levels of investment in adoption processes differ depending upon the strength of institutional forces. Specifically, early adopters of C‐TPAT processes in a weak institutional context that reported high levels of investment performed no better than firms who invested nominally in the processes, while late adopters in a strong institutional context that reported high investment levels outperformed those that invested nominally. This finding can be explained by viewing C‐TPAT as an ‘emerging’ institution, where forces are coalescing. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • William J. Ritchie & Steven A. Melnyk, 2012. "The impact of emerging institutional norms on adoption timing decisions: evidence from C‐TPAT—A government antiterrorism initiative," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(7), pages 860-870, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:stratm:v:33:y:2012:i:7:p:860-870
    DOI: 10.1002/smj.1948
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    Cited by:

    1. Lui, Ariel K.H. & Lo, Chris K.Y. & Ngai, Eric W.T. & Yeung, Andy C.L., 2021. "Forced to be green? The performance impact of energy-efficient systems under institutional pressures," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    2. El Baz, Jamal & Ruel, Salomée & Jebli, Fedwa, 2023. "Harnessing supply chain resilience and social performance through safety and health practices in the COVID-19 era: An investigation of normative pressures and adoption timing's role," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    3. Tong, Xun & Lai, Kee-hung & Lo, Chris K.Y. & Cheng, T.C.E., 2022. "Supply chain security certification and operational performance: The role of upstream complexity," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    4. Yang, Yang & Jia, Fu & Chen, Lujie & Wang, Yichuan & Xiong, Yu, 2021. "Adoption timing of OHSAS 18001 and firm performance: An institutional theory perspective," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    5. Pablo Emilio Mora Lozano & Jairo R. Montoya-Torres, 2024. "Global Supply Chains Made Visible through Logistics Security Management," Logistics, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-39, January.

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