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Determining Democracy in the Organization of the Islamic Conference

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  • Brian Robert Calfano
  • Emile Sahliyeh

Abstract

Objectives. We determine the conditions that account for change in the realized level of political rights and civil liberties within the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC). Methods. We use ordered logit to assess the impact of religious pluralism and fragmentation and related controls on changes in Freedom House Political Rights and Civil Liberties scores at five‐year intervals between 1976 and 2004. Results. Findings suggest that the presence of non‐Islamic religious groups within OIC states leads to an increase in political rights, while the presence of Islamic groups practicing a version of the faith not officially recognized by the state reduced political rights and civil liberties. Conclusions. Islam's influence on democratization does not fall neatly into either the “pro” or “con” categories that have so strongly defined the relevant literature. Islam's influence is, instead, variable and contingent on the wider degree of religious characteristics within each state.

Suggested Citation

  • Brian Robert Calfano & Emile Sahliyeh, 2008. "Determining Democracy in the Organization of the Islamic Conference," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 89(3), pages 751-764, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:socsci:v:89:y:2008:i:3:p:751-764
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2008.00558.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Poe, Steven C. & Tate, C. Neal, 1994. "Repression of Human Rights to Personal Integrity in the 1980s: A Global Analysis," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 88(4), pages 853-872, December.
    2. Conway W. Henderson, 1991. "Conditions Affecting the Use of Political Repression," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 35(1), pages 120-142, March.
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