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The Urban Geography of Welfare Reform: Spatial Patterns of Caseload Dynamics in Detroit

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  • Scott W. Allard

Abstract

Objective. To assess how the characteristics of welfare recipients have varied geographically in the Detroit metropolitan area since the passage of welfare reform in 1996 and how spatial proximity to job opportunities is related to work rates among welfare recipients. Methods. Using administrative data on welfare receipt in the Detroit metropolitan area and data from two employer surveys in Detroit, I examine changes in the welfare caseload between 1992 and 2000 and estimate logit models of the probability that welfare recipients report work earnings in 1998. Results. Although the number of adult welfare recipients in the Detroit metropolitan area declined by over 75 percent between 1992 and 2000, nearly 25,000 households—most residing in the central city—continue to receive welfare. Rates of work among welfare recipients are positively related to the accessibility of employment opportunities. Conclusions. My results indicate that support services and programs in the coming years will have to fit a caseload that is changing both qualitatively and geographically. Further, consistent with the most current spatial mismatch research, my findings show that greater access to job opportunities leads to greater rates of reported work earnings among welfare recipients.

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  • Scott W. Allard, 2002. "The Urban Geography of Welfare Reform: Spatial Patterns of Caseload Dynamics in Detroit," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 83(4), pages 1044-1062, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:socsci:v:83:y:2002:i:4:p:1044-1062
    DOI: 10.1111/1540-6237.00132
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    Cited by:

    1. Rogalsky, Jennifer, 2010. "The working poor and what GIS reveals about the possibilities of public transit," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 226-237.
    2. Scott W. Allard & Richard M. Tolman & Daniel Rosen, 2003. "Proximity to service providers and service utilization among welfare recipients: The interaction of place and race," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(4), pages 599-613.
    3. Neil Bania & Laura Leete & Claudia Coulton, 2008. "Job Access, Employment and Earnings: Outcomes for Welfare Leavers in a US Urban Labour Market," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 45(11), pages 2179-2202, October.
    4. Antonio Cecchi & Enrico Giovannetti, 2006. "Spatial Mismatch and Mobility Involvements: a Common Approach for the Urban Sprawl Parma-Bologna," Center for the Analysis of Public Policies (CAPP) 0026, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi".

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