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Farming on Arctic margins: Models of agricultural development in northern regions of Russia, Europe and North America

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  • Alexey Naumov
  • Daria Sidorova
  • Ruslan Goncharov

Abstract

Despite harsh natural conditions and remoteness, farming is spread worldwide on Arctic margins. Russia is the leading country by area under agricultural use of the circumpolar territories. Agricultural activities in the northern regions vary from traditional ones such as semi‐nomadic reindeer breeding to technologically smart urban agriculture. These activities are geographically unequally represented, which causes significant regional differences in productivity of agricultural land and labour. Comparative analysis of these basic variables enables us to identify specific patterns of modern agricultural development and their dynamics in northern regions of Russia, comparing them with Northern European countries and North America. La participación de diversos actores y el consenso son cuestiones cruciales para la planificación espacial y la planificación del paisaje. En la gestión de los espacios verdes de la planificación paisajística existe una demanda de puntos de vista de expertos, diálogo entre residentes y usuarios y la creación de consenso entre los diversos interesados. También hay limitaciones en la gestión de toda la zona. Sin embargo, la decisión sobre el orden de prioridad suele ser difícil debido a la falta de pruebas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar cómo la formulación de políticas basada en la evidencia (EBPM, por sus siglas en inglés) puede convertirse en una decisión sobre el orden de prioridad, en áreas de política espacial y de planificación del paisaje. El estudio se centra en el análisis de las actividades de los usuarios en el SMV (Sistema de Matriz Verde) de Kohoku New Town. Los resultados apoyan la aplicación eficiente de este método relacionado con la EBPM a la gestión y planificación del paisaje. Se verificó cómo contribuye el proceso de EBPM a la creación de directrices impulsadas por el gobierno local. Específicamente, los métodos son: (i) medición (datos de observación con información sobre la ubicación); (ii) visualización; (iii) extracción de la prioridad de la ubicación; (iv) compartir información con el gobierno o los ciudadanos; y (v) aclaración de la discrepancia entre las directrices y el uso real. Estos pasos de EBPM se aplican a la planificación del paisaje, que no se limita a las vías verdes, sino también a otras políticas espaciales. 様々な主体の参加と合意形成は、空間計画と景観計画において重要な問題である。景観計画における緑地管理では、専門的な視点、住民と利用者との議論、多様な利害関係者間の合意形成が求められる。地域全体を管理することには限界がある。しかも、エビデンスが不足しているために優先順位を決定することも、困難であることが多い。本研究では、空間政策と景観計画の分野において、どのようにエビデンスに基づく政策決定(evidence‐based policy making:EBPM)を優先順位の決定に用いることができるかを探る。本稿では、港北ニュータウンのグリーンマトリックスシステムにおけるユーザーの活動の解析に注目する。結果から、著者らのEBPMに関する方法は、景観の管理と計画に効率的に適用することができることが示される。EBPMのプロセスが、地方自治体主導のガイドライン作成にどのように貢献するかを検証した。方法とは、具体的には、1)測定(位置情報付き観測データ)、2)二可視化、3)立地の優先順位の抽出、4)自治体又は住民との共有、5)指針と実際の運用との相違を明らかにすること、であった。EBPMのこれらのステップは、景観計画だけでなく、緑地に限らず他の空間政策にも適用される。

Suggested Citation

  • Alexey Naumov & Daria Sidorova & Ruslan Goncharov, 2022. "Farming on Arctic margins: Models of agricultural development in northern regions of Russia, Europe and North America," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(1), pages 174-186, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:174-186
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12273
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arthur, Louise M. & Abizadeh, Fay, 1988. "Potential Effects Of Climate Change On Agriculture In The Prairie Region Of Canada," Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 13(2), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Philip Hemmings, 2016. "Policy Challenges for Agriculture and Rural Areas in Norway," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1286, OECD Publishing.
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