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The long‐term development of crisis management in China—Continuity, institutional punctuations and reforms

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  • Yihong Liu
  • Tom Christensen

Abstract

This study focuses on the long‐term development of crisis management on the central level in China. Drawing on archival and interview data, it describes and analyzes how governance capacity and the formal structure of crisis management have changed, but also how culturally based legitimacy has altered over the past seventy years. These processes of change are divided into three phases, punctuated by institutional shifts in the history of crisis management institutions, whereby both vertical and horizontal coordination have become stronger over time. Crisis management in China is a legacy of traditional disaster management. In this respect it is different from the West, where crisis management has its origins in civil defense. We argue that each reform element is blended with traditional practices in an ever more complex combination, producing hybrid reform patterns. We conclude that centralization and a government‐centered approach in the institutional history can explain the high short‐term mobilization capacity and the challenges of communication in Chinese crisis management. 本研究聚焦于中国中央级别的危机管理的长期发展。基于档案数据和访谈数据,描述并分析了过去70年里治理能力和危机管理的正式架构如何产生变革,以及基于文化的合法性如何发生变化。这些变革过程被分为三个阶段,危机管理制度史中的制度变迁对各阶段加以间断,借此纵向和横向协调随时间推移变得更强。中国的危机管理是传统灾害管理的产物。在这一点上,其有别于西方,后者的危机管理源于民事防护。我们主张,每个改革要素都以越来越复杂的方式与传统实践相结合,进而产生混合改革模式。我们的结论认为,集中化和制度史中以政府为中心的措施能解释中国危机管理中强大的短期动员能力和传播挑战。 Este estudio se centra en el desarrollo a largo plazo de la gestión de crisis a nivel central en China. Basándose en datos de archivo y entrevistas, describe y analiza cómo han cambiado la capacidad de gobernanza y la estructura formal de la gestión de crisis, pero también cómo se ha alterado la legitimidad basada en la cultura durante los últimos setenta años. Estos procesos de cambio se dividen en tres fases, marcadas por cambios institucionales en la historia de las instituciones de gestión de crisis, en las que tanto la coordinación vertical como la horizontal se han fortalecido con el tiempo. La gestión de crisis en China es un legado de la gestión tradicional de desastres. En este sentido, es diferente de Occidente, donde la gestión de crisis tiene sus orígenes en la defensa civil. Sostenemos que cada elemento de la reforma se combina con las prácticas tradicionales en una combinación cada vez más compleja, lo que produce patrones de reforma híbridos. Concluimos que la centralización y un enfoque centrado en el gobierno en la historia institucional pueden explicar la alta capacidad de movilización a corto plazo y los desafíos de la comunicación en la gestión de crisis en China.

Suggested Citation

  • Yihong Liu & Tom Christensen, 2022. "The long‐term development of crisis management in China—Continuity, institutional punctuations and reforms," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 39(3), pages 282-302, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:39:y:2022:i:3:p:282-302
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12455
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    3. Tom Christensen & Liang Ma, 2021. "Comparing SARS and COVID-19: Challenges of Governance Capacity and Legitimacy," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 629-645, December.
    4. Tom Christensen & Liang Ma, 2020. "Coordination Structures and Mechanisms for Crisis Management in China: Challenges of Complexity," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 19-36, March.
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    1. Jian Yang & Weikun Huang, 2022. "Institutional Network Relationship of Chinese Public Crisis Governance System—Based on the Quantitative Comparative Analysis of Policies during SARS and COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-15, November.

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