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Oil booms and inequality in Iran

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  • Mohammad Reza Farzanegan
  • Tim Krieger

Abstract

We study the response of income inequality to positive per capita oil and gas revenue shocks in Iran. Using historical data from 1973 to 2016 and vector autoregression (VAR) as well as vector error correction (VECM) model‐based impulse‐response functions, we find a positive and statistically significant response of income inequality to oil booms. We also explore possible channels through which oil booms may increase inequality, including private sector credit growth, construction investment, international trade (imports) and real economic output. We find that following an oil boom, higher imports, private sector credit growth, and real economic output can explain the increased income gap to a certain degree in Iran's oil‐based economy. Our analysis can help policymakers evaluate and accommodate the possible positive or negative effects of inequality in Iran resulting from the 2016 lifting of the embargo against the country.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Reza Farzanegan & Tim Krieger, 2019. "Oil booms and inequality in Iran," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(2), pages 830-859, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:rdevec:v:23:y:2019:i:2:p:830-859
    DOI: 10.1111/rode.12569
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Njangang, Henri & Asongu, Simplice A. & Tadadjeu, Sosson & Nounamo, Yann & Kamguia, Brice, 2022. "Governance in mitigating the effect of oil wealth on wealth inequality: A cross-country analysis of policy thresholds," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    2. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan & Hassan F. Gholipour, 2021. "Growing up in the Iran–Iraq war and preferences for strong defense," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(4), pages 1945-1968, November.
    3. Mehdi Ketabchy, 2021. "Investigating the Impacts of the Political System Components in Iran on the Existing Water Bankruptcy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-22, December.
    4. Sosson Tadadjeu & Henri Njangang & Simplice Asongu & Yann Nounamo, 2021. "Natural resources and wealth inequality: a cross-country analysis," Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 39(3), pages 596-608, July.
    5. Christopher Hartwell & Roman Horvath & Eva Horvathova & Olga Popova, 2022. "Natural resources and income inequality in developed countries: synthetic control method evidence," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(2), pages 297-338, February.
    6. Ongo Nkoa, Bruno Emmanuel & Tadadjeu, Sosson & Njangang, Henri, 2023. "Rich in the dark: Natural resources and energy poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    7. Marek Szturo & Bogdan Włodarczyk & Alberto Burchi & Ireneusz Miciuła & Karolina Szturo, 2021. "Improving Relations between a State and a Business Enterprise in the Context of Counteracting Adverse Effects of the Resource Curse," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-14, January.
    8. Lourdes ROJAS RUBIO, 2022. "Inequality, Corruption and Support for Democracy," THEMA Working Papers 2022-20, THEMA (THéorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications), Université de Cergy-Pontoise.
    9. Reza Najarzadeh & Alireza Keikha & Hassan Heydari, 2021. "Dynamics of consumption distribution and economic fluctuations," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 54(3), pages 847-876, August.
    10. de Soysa, Indra & Krieger, Tim & Meierrieks, Daniel, 2022. "Oil and property rights," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    11. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan & Reza Zamani, 2024. "The Effect of Corruption on Internal Conflict in Iran Using Newspaper Coverage," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(1), pages 24-43, January.
    12. Zarei, Samira, 2019. "How do Real Exchange Rate Movements Affect the Economic Growth in Iran?," MPRA Paper 99102, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan & Reza Zamani, 2023. "Does Oil Corrupt? Evidence from a Multivariate VAR in Iran," MAGKS Papers on Economics 202321, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
    14. Farahnak, Fardin, 2022. "Comparative analysis of oil-driven economic policies for Saudi Arabia and Iran; using the CGE model," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    15. Zarei, Samira, 2020. "Analyzing the Asymmetric Effects of Inflation and Exchange Rate Misalignments on the Petrochemical Stock index: The Case of Iran," MPRA Paper 99101, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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