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Three Decades on: Still a Capability–Expectations Gap? Pragmatic Expectations towards the EU from Asia in 2020

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  • Suetyi Lai
  • Paul Bacon
  • Martin Holland

Abstract

This paper uses Hill's seminal ‘Capability–Expectations Gap’ framework (CEG) to analyse EU capabilities and expectations of the EU, from the perspectives of four key Asia‐Pacific states, China, Indonesia, Japan and South Korea. Intensive analysis of domestic print media shows that all four states have low perceptions of EU capability, particularly EU ability to reach agreement on common action. Indonesia and South Korea also have low overall expectations of the EU. Japan has some expectations of the EU, but mostly related to EU internal and neighbourhood action, confirming findings of previous research identifying a Japanese ‘expectations deficit’ regarding EU external action. China however had many expectations of EU external action, on bilateral relations, but also multilateral governance and management of the international economy. Therefore, from the Chinese perspective a significant EU capability–expectations gap is identified.

Suggested Citation

  • Suetyi Lai & Paul Bacon & Martin Holland, 2023. "Three Decades on: Still a Capability–Expectations Gap? Pragmatic Expectations towards the EU from Asia in 2020," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(2), pages 451-468, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jcmkts:v:61:y:2023:i:2:p:451-468
    DOI: 10.1111/jcms.13382
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bokhan Ð .V., 2019. "Diplomacy Of The European Union And Eco-Branding Countries," Balanced Nature Using, Institute of agroecology and environmental management, vol. 8(2), pages 50-57, May.
    2. Christopher Hill, 2004. "Renationalizing or Regrouping? EU Foreign Policy Since 11 September 2001," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(1), pages 143-163, February.
    3. Henrik Larsen, 2020. "Normative Power Europe or Capability–expectations Gap? The Performativity of Concepts in the Study of European Foreign Policy," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(4), pages 962-977, July.
    4. Suetyi Lai & Martin Holland & Serena Kelly, 2019. "The Emperor’s new clothes? Perceptions of the EU’s strategic partnerships in Asia," Asia Europe Journal, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 341-360, September.
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