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Necessity and Inefficiency in the Generation of Waste

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  • Stefan Baumgärtner
  • Jakob de Swaan Arons

Abstract

The laws of thermodynamics are employed as an analytical framework within which results about society's metabolism may be rigorously deduced in energetic and material terms. We demonstrate that the occurrence of waste is an unavoidable necessity in the industrial production of desired goods. Although waste is thus an essential qualitative element of industrial production, the quantitative extent to which waste occurs may vary within certain limits according to the degree of thermodynamic (in) efficiency with which these processes are operated. We discuss the question of which proportion of the amount of waste currently generated is due to thermodynamic necessity and which proportion is due to thermodynamic inefficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefan Baumgärtner & Jakob de Swaan Arons, 2003. "Necessity and Inefficiency in the Generation of Waste," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 7(2), pages 113-123, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:inecol:v:7:y:2003:i:2:p:113-123
    DOI: 10.1162/108819803322564389
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    Cited by:

    1. Sushama Murty & R. Robert Russell, "undated". "Bad Outputs," Centre for International Trade and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi Discussion Papers 17-06, Centre for International Trade and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
    2. Liao, Wenjie & Heijungs, Reinout & Huppes, Gjalt, 2012. "Thermodynamic analysis of human–environment systems: A review focused on industrial ecology," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 76-88.
    3. Lauwers, Ludwig, 2009. "Justifying the incorporation of the materials balance principle into frontier-based eco-efficiency models," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(6), pages 1605-1614, April.
    4. Sushama Murty & R. Robert Russell, 2021. "A commentary on “Performance measurement and joint production of intended and unintended outputs” by Finn Førsund," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 177-184, June.
    5. Stefan Bayer & Jacques Méry, 2009. "Sustainability gaps in municipal solid waste management: a case study for landfills," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 43-69, February.
    6. Finn R. Førsund, 2021. "Performance measurement and joint production of intended and unintended outputs," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 157-175, June.
    7. Tim Hayward, 2006. "Global Justice and the Distribution of Natural Resources," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 54(2), pages 349-369, June.
    8. Sushama Murty & Resham Nagpal, "undated". "Weighted index of graph efficiency improvements for a by-production technology and its application to Indian coal-based thermal power sector," Centre for International Trade and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi Discussion Papers 18-08, Centre for International Trade and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
    9. Førsund, Finn R, 2017. "Pollution Meets Efficiency: Multi-equation modelling of generation of pollution and related efficiency measures," Memorandum 09/2017, Oslo University, Department of Economics.

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