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Food security and Canada's agricultural system challenged by COVID‐19

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  • B. James Deaton
  • Brady J. Deaton

Abstract

The effect of COVID‐19 on Canadian food security is examined from two different perspectives. COVID‐19 creates a unique “income shock” that is expected to increase the prevalence of household food insecurity. This food insecurity can be measured by utilizing the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). More fundamentally, COVID‐19 heightens household concern about the capacity of the Canadian food system to ensure food availability. Despite surges in demand and supply chain disruptions, we currently do not observe broad, rapid appreciation in food prices. This suggests that there is an adequate supply of food for the near term. There is less certainty over intermediate and longer time periods because so many factors are in flux, particularly the rate of increases in sicknesses and deaths across the country and globally. Data on these health factors and elements of the food supply chain are needed to predict beyond a short time frame. In this regard, we discuss three ongoing considerations—ease of capital flows, international exchange, and maintaining transportation—that will help ensure food availability in the longer run. L'effet de COVID‐19 sur la sécurité alimentaire canadienne est examiné sous deux angles différents. COVID‐19 crée un «choc de revenu» unique qui devrait accroître la prévalence de l'insécurité alimentaire des ménages. Cette insécurité alimentaire peut être mesurée en utilisant l'Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes (ESCC). Plus fondamentalement, COVID‐19 accroît les inquiétudes des ménages quant à la capacité du système alimentaire canadien d'assurer la disponibilité des aliments. Malgré les poussées de la demande et les perturbations de la chaîne d'approvisionnement, nous n'observons pas actuellement une appréciation significative et rapide des prix des denrées alimentaires. Cela suggère qu'il y a un approvisionnement suffisant en nourriture à court terme. Il y a moins de certitude sur des périodes intermédiaires et plus longues, car de nombreux facteurs évoluent, en particulier le taux d'augmentation des maladies et des décès à travers le pays et dans le monde. Des données sur ces facteurs de santé et ces éléments de la chaîne d'approvisionnement alimentaire sont nécessaires pour prévoir au‐delà d'un court laps de temps. À cet égard, nous discutons de trois considérations en cours ‐ la facilité des flux de capitaux, les échanges internationaux et le maintien des transports ‐ qui aideront à garantir la disponibilité des aliments à long terme.

Suggested Citation

  • B. James Deaton & Brady J. Deaton, 2020. "Food security and Canada's agricultural system challenged by COVID‐19," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 68(2), pages 143-149, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:68:y:2020:i:2:p:143-149
    DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12227
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Naylor, Jamie & Deaton, B. James & Ker, Alan, 2020. "Assessing the effect of food retail subsidies on the price of food in remote Indigenous communities in Canada," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
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