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The Mediterranean Fruit Fly and the United States: Is the Probit 9 Level of Quarantine Security Efficient?

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  • Michael J. Livingston

Abstract

Cold treatment periods, and associated levels of quarantine security, that maximize net US welfare under USDA's current medfly detection and control program are examined using a deterministic bioeconomic optimization model . As anticipated, the efficient level of quarantine security is shown to increase with indices of medfly pressure (initial infestation rates) in areas in which the medfly is known to exist (the QCs) . Efficient cold treatment periods and weighted mean medfly survival rates are 8, 11, and 12 days and 5.0 × 10–2, 1.7 × 10–3, and 5.2 × 10–4 under low, moderate, and high initial infestation rates, respectively. When model output is averaged across initial infestation rates, an 11‐day cold treatment period, resulting in a weighted mean medfly survival rate of 1.6 × 10–3, maximizes US welfare. These findings suggest that the current minimum cold treatment period of 14 days and the current objective of US cold treatment policy—the probit 9 level of quarantine security—are economically inefficient. Adopting the 11‐day cold treatment period is shown to increase US social surplus by an annual $24.9 million, of which $21.5 and $3.4 million would accrue to US consumers and producers, respectively, and QC producer surplus by an annual $24.8 million. Nous avons examiné, à l’aide d’un modèle déterministe d’optimisation bioéconomique, les périodes de traitement par le froid et les niveaux de quarantaine de sécurité connexes qui maximisent le bien‐être net des États‐Unis d’après le programme actuel de détection et de lutte contre la cératite, instauré par le USDA. Comme prévu, le degré de quarantaine de sécurité efficace augmente en fonction des indices de pression des ravageurs (indices d’infestation initiale) dans les pays où la cératite est présente (pays dont les produits sont soumis à une quarantaine). Selon qu’il s’agit d’un indice d’infestation initiale faible, moyen et élevé, les périodes de traitement par le froid efficaces sont de 8, 11 et 12 jours respectivement et les taux de survie moyens pondérés de la cératite de 5,0 × 10–2, 1,7 × 10–3, et 5,2 × 10–4 respectivement. Lorsque l’on établit la moyenne pondérée de la sortie du modèle par taux de survie, une période de traitement de 11 jours et un taux de survie moyen pondéré de 1,6 × 10–3 maximisent le bien‐être des États‐Unis. Ces résultats donnent à penser que la période minimale actuelle de traitement par le froid de 14 jours et la politique actuelle concernant le traitement par le froid (la norme probit 9) sont économiquement inefficaces. L’adoption d’une période de traitement par le froid de 11 jours augmenterait le surplus collectif des États‐Unis de 24,9 millions (M$) par année, dont 21,5 M$ et 3,4 M$ reviendraient aux consommateurs et aux producteurs des États‐Unis respectivement, et un surplus de 24,8 M$ par année aux producteurs des pays dont les produits sont soumis à une quarantaine.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael J. Livingston, 2007. "The Mediterranean Fruit Fly and the United States: Is the Probit 9 Level of Quarantine Security Efficient?," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 55(4), pages 515-526, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:55:y:2007:i:4:p:515-526
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2007.00106.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Ferrier, Peyton, 2014. "The Effects of Phytosanitary Regulations on U.S. Imports of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables," Economic Research Report 176199, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    2. Ferrier, Peyton & Peterson, Everett E. & Landes, Maurice, 2012. "Specialty Crop Access to U.S. Markets: A Case Study of Indian Mangoes," Economic Research Report 262228, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    3. Ferrier, Peyton, 2010. "Irradiation as a quarantine treatment," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(6), pages 548-555, December.

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