Author
Listed:
- María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo
- Karina Acosta-Ordoñez
- Olga Lucía Acosta-Navarro
- Lucía Arango-Lozano
- Fernando Arias-Rodríguez
- Oscar Ávila-Montealegre
- Oscar Reinaldo Becerra-Camargo
- Leonardo Bonilla-Mejía
- Grey Yuliet Ceballos-García
- Luz A. Florez
- Juan Miguel Gallego-Acevedo
- Luis Armando Galvis-Aponte
- Luis Miguel García-Pulgarín
- Andrés García-Suaza
- Anderson Grajales-Olarte
- Daniela Gualtero-Briceño
- Didier Hermida-Giraldo
- Ana María Iregui-Bohórquez
- Juliana Jaramillo-Echeverri
- Karen Laguna-Ballesteros
- Francisco Javier Lasso-Valderrama
- Daniel Márquez
- Carlos Medina-Durango
- Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra
- María Fernanda Meneses-González
- Juan José Ospina-Tejeiro
- Andrea Otero-Cortés
- Daniel Parra-Amado
- Juana Piñeros-Ruiz
- Christian Posso-Suárez
- Natalia Ramírez-Bustamante
- Mario Andrés Ramos-Veloza
- Jorge Leonardo Rodríguez-Arenas
- Alejandro Sarasti-Sierra
- Bibiana Taboada-Arango
- Ana María Tribín-Uribe
- Juanita Villaveces-Niño
Abstract
El artículo utiliza un enfoque analítico y empírico para identificar, cuantificar y explicar las brechas de género en Colombia, con énfasis en el mercado laboral, la educación, el trabajo de cuidado no remunerado, la protección social y sus efectos macroeconómicos. Integra evidencia microeconómica y macroeconómica, un análisis regional y de política pública. Muestra que las brechas de género no son únicamente un problema social, sino un factor estructural que limita el desarrollo económico del país. El análisis corrobora el papel central del trabajo de cuidado no remunerado como un mecanismo que reproduce desigualdades. Los resultados muestran que, pese a los avances educativos y normativos alcanzados por las mujeres en Colombia, persisten brechas significativas de género, especialmente en el mercado laboral, con marcadas heterogeneidades regionales. Estas desigualdades se explican en gran medida por la asignación desproporcionada del trabajo de cuidado no remunerado a las mujeres, lo que limita su inserción laboral, reduce sus ingresos y genera efectos acumulativos a lo largo del ciclo de vida, particularmente en la vejez a través de menores pensiones. El estudio evidencia que cerrar las brechas de género en participación y salarios tendría efectos macroeconómicos positivos, al aumentar el empleo, la productividad y el crecimiento económico, y contribuiría a aliviar las presiones fiscales derivadas del envejecimiento poblacional y de la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de protección social. **** ABSTRACT: The article uses an analytical and empirical approach to identify, quantify, and explain gender gaps in Colombia, with focus on labor market, education, unpaid care work, social protection, and their macroeconomic effects. It integrates microeconomic and macroeconomic evidence, regional analysis and public policy perspectives. Shows that gender gaps are a social issue and a structural factor that constrains the country’s economic development. The analysis corroborates the central role of unpaid care work as a mechanism reproducing inequalities. The results indicate that, despite the educational and regulatory advances achieved by women in Colombia, significant gender gaps persist, particularly in the labor market. These inequalities are largely driven by the disproportionate allocation of unpaid care work to women, which limits their labor market participation, reduces their earnings, and generates cumulative effects over the life cycle, particularly in old age through lower pensions. Also shows that closing gender gaps in labor force participation and wages would have positive macroeconomic effects by increasing employment, productivity, and economic growth, while helping to ease fiscal pressures arising from population aging and the sustainability of social protection systems.
Suggested Citation
María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo & Karina Acosta-Ordoñez & Olga Lucía Acosta-Navarro & Lucía Arango-Lozano & Fernando Arias-Rodríguez & Oscar Ávila-Montealegre & Oscar Reinaldo Becerra-Camargo & Leonardo , 2026.
"Explorando las brechas de género en Colombia,"
Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, issue 111, pages 1-125, March.
Handle:
RePEc:bdr:ensayo:y:2025:i:111:p:1-125
DOI: 10.32468/espe111
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JEL classification:
- J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
- J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
- J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
- J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
- O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General
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