IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bcp/journl/v9y2025issue-2p3769-3777.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Obstacles to the East African Community Initiated Peace Process in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Author

Listed:
  • Mohamed Bulle Muhumed

    (Department of Security, Diplomacy and Peace Studies, Kenyatta University)

  • Otieno Isaiah Oduor

    (Department of Security, Diplomacy and Peace Studies, Kenyatta University)

Abstract

In Eastern DRC a civil war has been ranging since 1996. This study analyzed the obstacles and challenges to the EAC initiated peace process in Eastern DRC. This study was anchored on two complementary theories namely Neo-liberal Institutionalism and Realism. Neoliberal Institutionalism theory argued that regional organizations supplement the role of states also enhance and reinforce by acting as arbitrators in state disputes. Regional organizations also reinforce and enhance the efforts of states in arbitration of international disputes. Realism theory on the other hand explained emerging geo-political interests in the EAC initiated peace process in Eastern DRC. This study was in the form of an exploratory research design. This study employed random and purposive to identify 384 respondents for field interviews. Structured questionnaires were administered to 360 randomly selected Congolese refugees in Kenya from three selected locations. Interview schedules were administered to 24 purposively selected diplomats from Tanzania, Uganda, DRC, Rwanda, Burundi, officials from the Ministry of EAC in Kenya, EALA members and experts in international peace and conflict studies. This study employed quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis and interpretation. This study identified non-inclusivity of the EAC initiated peace-process; the EAC has not put in place clear strategic directives in the peace process, lack of legitimacy of the peace process, the AU statue on state sovereignty and non-intervention in the internal affairs of states, lack of political good by affected member states and lack of adequate financial resources as major challenges to the EAC initiated peace process in Easter DRC.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohamed Bulle Muhumed & Otieno Isaiah Oduor, 2025. "Obstacles to the East African Community Initiated Peace Process in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(2), pages 3769-3777, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:issue-2:p:3769-3777
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-9-issue-2/3769-3777.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/obstacles-to-the-east-african-community-initiated-peace-process-in-eastern-democratic-republic-of-congo/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yang, Jingjing & Ryan, Chris & Zhang, Lingyun, 2013. "Social conflict in communities impacted by tourism," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 82-93.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Piotr Zmyślony & Joanna Kowalczyk-Anioł & Monika Dembińska, 2020. "Deconstructing the Overtourism-Related Social Conflicts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-26, February.
    2. Dawei Li & Shangyi Zhou, 2021. "Evaluating the Authenticity of Naxi Music in Three Stages from the Perspective of Naxi Musicians: An Application of Lacan’s Mirror Stage Theory," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Antonio Alvarez-Sousa, 2018. "The Problems of Tourist Sustainability in Cultural Cities: Socio-Political Perceptions and Interests Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-30, February.
    4. Delmira Syafrini & Desy Mardhiah & Bunga Dinda Permata & Fadilla Saputri, 2025. "Social capital and cultural heritage tourism development in former mining town, West Sumatra, Indonesia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 27(3), pages 7141-7161, March.
    5. Uma Kothari & Alex Arnall, 2017. "Contestation over an island imaginary landscape: The management and maintenance of touristic nature," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 49(5), pages 980-998, May.
    6. Tamaki Kitagawa, 2021. "The Experience of Place in the Annual Festival Held in an Amazigh Village in Southern Tunisia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-25, May.
    7. Yang, Jun & Ge, Yuting & Ge, Quansheng & Xi, Jianchao & Li, Xueming, 2016. "Determinants of island tourism development: The example of Dachangshan Island," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 261-271.
    8. Hjalager, Anne-Mette, 2020. "Land-use conflicts in coastal tourism and the quest for governance innovations," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    9. Yang, Jingjing & Ryan, Chris & Zhang, Lingyun, 2013. "Ethnic minority tourism in China – Han perspectives of Tuva figures in a landscape," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 45-56.
    10. Nunkoo, Robin, 2015. "Tourism development and trust in local government," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 623-634.
    11. Weaver, David B. & Lawton, Laura J., 2013. "Resident perceptions of a contentious tourism event," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 165-175.
    12. Gianna Moscardo, 2021. "Using Systems Thinking to Improve Tourism and Hospitality Research Quality and Relevance: A Critical Review and Conceptual Analysis," Tourism and Hospitality, MDPI, vol. 2(1), pages 1-20, March.
    13. Zhou, Qilou (Bill) & Zhang, Jie & Zhang, Honglei & Ma, Jinhai, 2015. "A structural model of host authenticity," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 28-45.
    14. Lindsay E. Usher & Deborah Kerstetter, 2014. "Residents’ perceptions of quality of life in a surf tourism destination: A case study of Las Salinas, Nicaragua," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 14(4), pages 321-333, October.
    15. Mastura JAAFAR & Safura ISMAIL & S. Mostafa RASOOLIMANESH, 2015. "pERCEIVED SOCIAL EFFECTS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF KINABALU NATIONAL PARK," Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, Research Centre in Public Administration and Public Services, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 10(2), pages 5-20, May.
    16. Dario Bertocchi & Nicola Camatti & Silvio Giove & Jan van der Borg, 2020. "Venice and Overtourism: Simulating Sustainable Development Scenarios through a Tourism Carrying Capacity Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-15, January.
    17. Thi Thu Huong Hoang & Anton Van Rompaey & Patrick Meyfroidt & Gerard Govers & Kim Chi Vu & An Thinh Nguyen & Luc Hens & Veerle Vanacker, 2020. "Impact of tourism development on the local livelihoods and land cover change in the Northern Vietnamese highlands," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 1371-1395, February.
    18. Mingsen Wang & Jinbo Jiang & Songjun Xu & Yi Guo, 2021. "Community Participation and Residents’ Support for Tourism Development in Ancient Villages: The Mediating Role of Perceptions of Conflicts in the Tourism Community," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-15, February.
    19. Tolkach, Denis & King, Brian, 2015. "Strengthening Community-Based Tourism in a new resource-based island nation: Why and how?," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 386-398.
    20. Li, Ping & Ryan, Chris & Cave, Jenny, 2016. "Chinese rural tourism development: Transition in the case of Qiyunshan, Anhui. – 2008–2015," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 240-260.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:issue-2:p:3769-3777. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Pawan Verma (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.