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Particulate air pollution and socioeconomic position in rural and urban areas of the Northeastern United States

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Listed:
  • Brochu, P.J.
  • Yanosky, J.D.
  • Paciorek, C.J.
  • Schwartz, J.
  • Chen, J.T.
  • Herrick, R.F.
  • Suh, H.H.

Abstract

Objectives: Although differential exposure by socioeconomic position (SEP) to hazardous waste and lead is well demonstrated, there is less evidence for particulate air pollution (PM), which is associated with risk of death and illness. This study determined the relationship of ambient PM and SEP across several spatial scales. Methods: Geographic information system-based, spatio-temporal models were used to predict PM in the Northeastern United States. Predicted concentrations were related to census tract SEP and racial composition using generalized additive models. Results: Lower SEP was associated with small, significant increases in PM. Annual PM10 decreased between 0.09 and 0.93 micrograms per cubic meter and PM2.5 between 0.02 and 0.94 micrograms per cubic meter for interquartile range increases in income. Decrements in PM with SEP increased with spatial scale, indicating that between-city spatial gradients were greater than within-city differences. The PM-SEP relation in urban tracts was not substantially modified by racial composition. Conclusions: Lower compared with higher SEP populations were exposed to higher ambient PM in the Northeastern United States. Given the small percentage change in annual PM2.5 and PM10, SEP was not likely a major source of confounding in epidemiological studies of PM, especially those conducted within a single urban/metropolitan area.

Suggested Citation

  • Brochu, P.J. & Yanosky, J.D. & Paciorek, C.J. & Schwartz, J. & Chen, J.T. & Herrick, R.F. & Suh, H.H., 2011. "Particulate air pollution and socioeconomic position in rural and urban areas of the Northeastern United States," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 101(SUPPL. 1), pages 224-230.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2011.300232_0
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300232
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    Cited by:

    1. Patrick Opiyo Owili & Wei-Hung Lien & Miriam Adoyo Muga & Tang-Huang Lin, 2017. "The Associations between Types of Ambient PM 2.5 and Under-Five and Maternal Mortality in Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Chenjing Fan & Wei Ouyang & Li Tian & Yan Song & Wensheng Miao, 2019. "Elderly Health Inequality in China and its Determinants: A Geographical Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-18, August.
    3. Gosztonyi, Ákos & Demmler, Joanne C. & Juhola, Sirkku & Ala-Mantila, Sanna, 2023. "Ambient air pollution-related environmental inequality and environmental dissimilarity in Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    4. Séverine Deguen & Claire Petit & Angélique Delbarre & Wahida Kihal & Cindy Padilla & Tarik Benmarhnia & Annabelle Lapostolle & Pierre Chauvin & Denis Zmirou-Navier, 2015. "Neighbourhood Characteristics and Long-Term Air Pollution Levels Modify the Association between the Short-Term Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations and All-Cause Mortality in Paris," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(7), pages 1-14, July.
    5. Joshua P. Keller & Adam A. Szpiro, 2020. "Selecting a scale for spatial confounding adjustment," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 183(3), pages 1121-1143, June.
    6. Zwickl, Klara & Ash, Michael & Boyce, James K., 2014. "Regional variation in environmental inequality: Industrial air toxics exposure in U.S. cities," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 494-509.

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