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Pathways to recurrent trauma among young Black men: Traumatic stress, substance use, and the "code of the street"

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  • Rich, J.A.
  • Grey, C.M.

Abstract

Recurrent interpersonal violence is a major cause of death and disability among young Black men. Quantitative studies have uncovered factors associated with reinjury, but little is known about how these factors work together. We interviewed young Black male victims to understand their experience of violence. Qualitative analysis of their narratives revealed how their struggle to reestablish safety shaped their response to injury. Aspects of the "code of the street" (including the need for respect) and lack of faith in the police combined with traumatic stress and substance use to accentuate their sense of vulnerability. Victims then reacted to protect themselves in ways that could increase their risk of reinjury. We describe a model with implications for reducing rates of recurrent violent injuries.

Suggested Citation

  • Rich, J.A. & Grey, C.M., 2005. "Pathways to recurrent trauma among young Black men: Traumatic stress, substance use, and the "code of the street"," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(5), pages 816-824.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2004.044560_2
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.044560
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    Cited by:

    1. Kyle A. Burgason & Matt DeLisi & Mark H. Heirigs & Abdi Kusow & Jacob H. Erickson & Michael G. Vaughn, 2020. "The Code of the Street Fights Back! Significant Associations with Arrest, Delinquency, and Violence Withstand Psychological Confounds," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Anthony D'Agostino & Mindy Hu & Naihobe Gonzalez & Natalie Larkin & Michela Garber, "undated". "Oakland Unite 2019-2020 Strategy Evaluation: Shooting and Homicide Response," Mathematica Policy Research Reports 5385cf649dfe41f688489ccbd, Mathematica Policy Research.
    3. Daday, Jerry K. & Broidy, Lisa M. & Crandall, Cameron S., 2008. "Emergency department utilization among victims and offenders involved in non-lethal violence," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(5), pages 1197-1203, March.
    4. Bruce, Marta M. & Ulrich, Connie M. & Webster, Jessica & Richmond, Therese S., 2022. "Injured black men's perceptions of the recovery environment," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    5. O'Neill, Kathleen M. & Salazar, Michelle C. & Vega, Cecilio & Campbell, Anthony & Anderson, Elijah & Dodington, James, 2021. "“The cops didn't make it any better”: Perspectives on police and guns among survivors of gun violence," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    6. Rojas-Gaona, Carlos E. & Hong, Jun Sung & Peguero, Anthony A., 2016. "The significance of race/ethnicity in adolescent violence: A decade of review, 2005–2015," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 137-147.
    7. Jacoby, Sara F. & Richmond, Therese S. & Holena, Daniel N. & Kaufman, Elinore J., 2018. "A safe haven for the injured? Urban trauma care at the intersection of healthcare, law enforcement, and race," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 115-122.

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