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Demand for Electricity of Small Nonresidential Customers under Time-Of-Use (TOU) Pricing

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  • Chi-Keung Woo

Abstract

After the oil crisis of 1973, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) in 1976 ordered Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PGandE) to charge its large nonresidential customers with monthly billing demand of over 4000 kilowatts (kW) mandatory time-of-use rates. Using a translog (TLOG) specification attributable to Christensen, Jorgenson, and Lau (1973), Chung and Aigner (1981) estimate the electricity demand price elasticities by time-of-use for 64 of these customers in 13 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code groups. Own-price elasticity estimates are generally around -0.1 and at times can be as high as -0.5, or they have the wrong sign. Cross-price elasticity estimates indicate that electricity usages by time-of-use are mostly substitutes. However, the estimated price responsiveness typically is larger than observed usages (see below and the section, Experimental Design and Data). Moreover, positive own-price elasticity estimates, though not statistically significant, raise further doubts about the validity of empirical results.

Suggested Citation

  • Chi-Keung Woo, 1985. "Demand for Electricity of Small Nonresidential Customers under Time-Of-Use (TOU) Pricing," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 4), pages 115-127.
    • Handle: RePEc:aen:journl:1985v06-04-a09
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    Cited by:

    1. Yueming Qiu & Loren Kirkeide & Yi David Wang, 2018. "Effects of Voluntary Time-of-Use Pricing on Summer Electricity Usage of Business Customers," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 69(2), pages 417-440, February.
    2. Woo, C.K. & Sreedharan, P. & Hargreaves, J. & Kahrl, F. & Wang, J. & Horowitz, I., 2014. "A review of electricity product differentiation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 262-272.
    3. Herter, Karen & Wayland, Seth, 2010. "Residential response to critical-peak pricing of electricity: California evidence," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 1561-1567.
    4. Rob Lawson & Paul Thorsnes & John Williams, 2011. "Consumer Response to Time Varying Prices for Electricity," Working Papers 1116, University of Otago, Department of Economics, revised Dec 2011.
    5. Woo, C.K. & Liu, Y. & Zarnikau, J. & Shiu, A. & Luo, X. & Kahrl, F., 2018. "Price elasticities of retail energy demands in the United States: New evidence from a panel of monthly data for 2001–2016," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 460-474.
    6. Zarnikau, J. & Landreth, G. & Hallett, I. & Kumbhakar, S.C., 2007. "Industrial customer response to wholesale prices in the restructured Texas electricity market," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(9), pages 1715-1723.
    7. Woo, C.K. & Shiu, A. & Liu, Y. & Luo, X. & Zarnikau, J., 2018. "Consumption effects of an electricity decarbonization policy: Hong Kong," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 887-902.

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    JEL classification:

    • F0 - International Economics - - General

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