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Wettbewerb und Regulierung in der Plattform- und Datenökonomie

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  • Steffen, Nico
  • Wiewiorra, Lukas
  • Kroon, Peter

Abstract

Digitale Technologien und datengetriebene Geschäftsmodelle haben zur Entstehung einer neuen Generation von Weltmarktführern geführt, die ihre Marktposition durch die Orchestrierung digitaler Plattformen und Ökosysteme aufgebaut haben und weiter festigen. Neue Möglichkeiten der Wertschöpfung für Nutzer haben damit auch zu neuen wettbewerbsrechtlichen und gesellschaftlichen Bedenken geführt. In dieser Studie wird anhand einer strukturierten Literaturanalyse die Literatur zur Plattform- und Datenökonomie systematisch analysiert und die Kernaussagen themenspezifisch zusammengefasst. Dabei wird zunächst die Entstehung des Plattformverständnisses von den Grundlagen hin zu aktuellen Weiterentwicklungen beschrieben. Die Literatur zeigt dabei eine Reihe von Besonderheiten von digitalen Plattformen, Geschäftsmodellen und Ökosystemen auf, die unter bestimmten Umständen Konzentrationstendenzen von traditionellen Plattformen noch verstärken können. Dazu gehören insbesondere Geschäftsmodelle, die auf komplexen Algorithmen und Datennutzung basieren und durch die neue Arten von Größen- und Verbundvorteilen entstehen und sich verfestigen können. Durch diese Komplexitäten werden auch etablierte regulatorische Interventionen und Abläufe vor neue Herausforderungen gestellt. Bereits die Abgrenzung von relevanten Märkten sowie die Bestimmung von Marktmacht und möglichen Machtmissbräuchen können in dynamischen, strukturell vernetzten digitalen Märkten und Wertschöpfungsbereichen fehlschlagen. Neben aktuellen Ansätzen für Markt- und Dominanzbestimmungen werden eine Reihe von potentiell wettbewerbsschädigenden Praktiken und Konstellationen analysiert, wie z. B. Selbstbevorzugung, horizontale und vertikale Doppelrollen oder datengetriebene Übernahmestrategien. Dabei werden jeweilige Abhilfemaßnahmen, aber auch deren mögliche unerwünschte Nebeneffekte, diskutiert und abschließend der europäische Digital Markets Act (DMA) und andere neue internationale Regulierungsrahmen verglichen, deren finale Implementierung in vielen Ländern für das Jahr 2022 erwartet wird.

Suggested Citation

  • Steffen, Nico & Wiewiorra, Lukas & Kroon, Peter, 2021. "Wettbewerb und Regulierung in der Plattform- und Datenökonomie," WIK Discussion Papers 481, WIK Wissenschaftliches Institut für Infrastruktur und Kommunikationsdienste GmbH.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wikdps:481
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