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Russlands Erdgas und Europas Energiesicherheit

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  • Götz, Roland

Abstract

Sowohl die Entwicklung des Gasverbrauchs in Europa als auch die Fähigkeit Russlands, Gas zu exportieren, sind nur bedingt vorhersehbar, da beides von noch nicht getroffenen politischen Entscheidungen in den Bereichen Klima- und Energieeffizienzpolitik abhängt. Wenn Europa mehr auf erneuerbare Ressourcen wie Biomethan und - unter Berücksichtigung seiner Klimaziele - auf die Kohleverstromung in emissionsarmen Kraftwerken setzt, müsste es weniger Gas aus Russland importieren als bisher angenommen. In diesem Fall würden sich mögliche Verzögerungen bei der Aufnahme der Gasförderung auf der Jamal-Halbinsel und in der Barentssee schwächer auf Europa auswirken als bei einem weiter steigenden Erdgasverbrauch.Eine europäische Energieaußenpolitik im Gassektor sollte sich auf die Verbesserung des internationalen Rechtsrahmens und auf Fragen der Effizienz konzentrieren, aber darauf verzichten, wie bisher mit Nachdruck regionale Diversifizierungsprojekte zu unterstützen, denn der bereits in Gang befindliche "Diversifizierungswettlauf" sollte nicht weiter angeheizt werden.Eine geeignete Grundlage für die Institutionalisierung der Energiebeziehungen wäre der Energiechartavertrag inklusive des Transitprotokolls, für dessen Ratifikation durch die russische Duma auch von europäischer Seite weitere Voraussetzungen geschaffen werden müssen. Die EU könnte ihre energieaußenpolitischen Anliegen gegenüber Russland voranbringen, wenn im Rahmen des Energiedialogs konkrete Projekte zur Erhöhung der Energieeffizienz initiiert werden. Hierbei bestehen - über die bisherigen experimentellen Ansätze hinausgehende - Kooperationsmöglichkeiten bei landesweiten Projekten. Die wesentliche Voraussetzung dafür ist aber, dass der sparsame Einsatz von Erdgas durch eine entsprechende Preispolitik auf dem russischen Binnenmarkt unterstützt wird. (SWP-Studie / SWP)

Suggested Citation

  • Götz, Roland, 2007. "Russlands Erdgas und Europas Energiesicherheit," SWP-Studien S 21/2007, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), German Institute for International and Security Affairs.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:swpstu:s212007
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