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Diversity & empire: Baltic Germans & comparative development

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  • Vitola, Alise
  • Grigoriadis, Theocharis

Abstract

In this paper, we explore the long-run effects of cultural and imperial legacies in the Baltic region. Drawing evidence from the 1897 population census in the Russian Empire, we find that localities with a higher share of German historical population are inclined to be more developed in contemporary Latvia and Estonia. Furthermore, based on the Life-In-Transition Survey (LiTS), we use robust regression discontinuity and identify persistent differential patterns of socioeconomic and political preferences across the borders of the former imperial territories of Estland, Livonia (Swedish Livonia), Letgallia (Polish Livonia) and Courland. Hence, we argue for the persistence of legacies as drivers of divergent development paths in the regions of Latvia and Estonia.

Suggested Citation

  • Vitola, Alise & Grigoriadis, Theocharis, 2018. "Diversity & empire: Baltic Germans & comparative development," Discussion Papers 2018/6, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:fubsbe:20186
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Baltic Germans; diversity; empire; development; culture;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • N43 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - Europe: Pre-1913
    • O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries
    • P51 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Comparative Economic Systems - - - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems

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