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Measuring outward orientation in developing countries : can it be done?

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Author Info
Pritchett, Lant

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Abstract

The pressure for trade reform as an integral component of adjustment programs has intensified the ongoing debate about the benefits of trade liberalization of trade regimes in the less developed countries (LDCs). This heightened interest has in turn generated continued empirical study of the relationship between economic performance and trade policy orientation. One branch of this overall policy-performance literature uses cross-country regressions relating economic performance and a measure of policy"outward orientation"or"openness"to investigate this relationship. This paper attempts to move the debate on the empirical cross-country relationship between trade policy and economic performance backwards one step by asking the question, can the economists'intuitive notion of outwardly oriented policy captured empirically? It reviews some principles of the measurement of trade barriers and examines the relationship between four types of empirical measures of outward orientation across countries, including: (a) the share of trade in GDP; (b) the average tariff and coverage ratio of non-tariff barriers; (c) measures of the deviation of countries'actual trade pattern from the pattern predicted from a model of resource based comparative advantage; and (d) a measure of real price distortions. The paper also discusses the interpretation and implications of the lack of association between the various measures.

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Paper provided by The World Bank in its series Policy Research Working Paper Series with number 566.

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Date of creation: 31 Jan 1991
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Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:566

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Keywords: Economic Theory&Research Environmental Economics&Policies Trade Policy Common Carriers Industry TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT

References listed on IDEAS
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  7. Harris, Richard, 1984. "Applied General Equilibrium Analysis of Small Open Economies with Scale Economies and Imperfect Competition," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 74(5), pages 1016-32, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  15. Mroz, Thomas A, 1987. "The Sensitivity of an Empirical Model of Married Women's Hours of Work to Economic and Statistical Assumptions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 55(4), pages 765-99, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  17. de Melo, Jaime & Robinson, Sherman, 1989. "Product differentiation and the treatment of foreign trade in computable general equilibrium models of small economies," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(1-2), pages 47-67, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Matin, Kazi M., 1992. "Openness and economic performance in sub-Saharan Africa : evidence from time-series cross-country analysis," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1025, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  2. Kala Krishna & Ataman Ozyildirim & Norman R. Swanson, 1998. "Trade, Investment, and Growth: Nexus, Analysis, and Prognosis," NBER Working Papers 6861, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  3. Ann Harrison, 1995. "Openness and Growth: A Time-Series, Cross-Country Analysis for Developing Countries," NBER Working Papers 5221, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Ann Harrison & Ana Revenga, 1995. "The Effects of Trade Policy Reform: What Do We Really Know?," NBER Working Papers 5225, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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