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Are better off households more unequal or less unequal ?

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Author Info
Haddad, Lawrence
Kanbur, Ravi

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Abstract

In many parts of the world, resources within a household are apparently not distributed according to need. Using a model of intrahousehold bargaining, this paper first tries to answer the question: As households become better off, does intrahousehold inequality increase or decrease? It finds that under certain conditions intrahousehold inequality first increases and then decreases. The debate on intrahousehold inequality is entwined with policy questions about the efficacy of targeting individual disadvantaged members of a household, as opposed to poor households in general. The paper found that anintrahousehold bargaining view tends to support targeting to disadvantaged members of the household, because of bargaining power effects. The bargaining framework also gives support for the concern that some observers have expressed about the impact of structural adjustment on intra-household inequality. When cash crops are predominantly under male control and food crops are primarily a female preserve, improving the relative price of cash crops can worsen intrahousehold inequality.

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Paper provided by The World Bank in its series Policy Research Working Paper Series with number 373.

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Date of creation: 31 Mar 1990
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Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:373

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Keywords: Environmental Economics&Policies; Poverty Lines; Inequality; Safety Nets and Transfers; Services&Transfers to Poor;

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Haddad, L. & Kanbur, R., 1989. "How Serious Is The Neglectof Intra-Household Inequality?," Papers 450, Stockholm - International Economic Studies.
    Other versions:
  2. Sutton, John, 1986. "Non-cooperative Bargaining Theory: An Introduction," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 53(5), pages 709-24, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Nash, John, 1950. "The Bargaining Problem," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 18(2), pages 155-162, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Manser, Marilyn & Brown, Murray, 1980. "Marriage and Household Decision-Making: A Bargaining Analysis," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 21(1), pages 31-44, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Ngo, Thi Minh-Phuong & Wahhaj, Zaki, 2008. "Microfinance and Gender Empowerment," MPRA Paper 11293, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  2. Jeremy Lise & Shannon Seitz, 2004. "Consumption Inequality and Intra-Household Allocations," Working Papers 1019, Queen's University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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  3. Emily Oster, 2006. "Does Increased Access Increase Equality? Gender and Child Health Investments in India," NBER Working Papers 12743, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Kanbur, Ravi & Haddad, Lawrence, 1990. "Is there an intra household Kuznets curve? Some evidence from the Philippines," Policy Research Working Paper Series 466, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. Lawrence Haddad & Ravi Kanbur, 1993. "The Value of Intrahousehold Survey Data for Age-Based Nutritional Targeting," Annales d'Economie et de Statistique, ADRES, issue 29, pages 05, Janvier-M. [Downloadable!]
  6. Olivier Bargain & Miriam Beblo & Denis Beninger & Richard Blundell & Raquel Carrasco & Maria-Concetta Chiuri & François Laisney & Valérie Lechene & Nicolas Moreau & Michal Myck & Javier Ruiz-Castill, 2006. "Does the Representation of Household Behavior Matter for Welfare Analysis of Tax-benefit Policies? An Introduction," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 4(2), pages 99-111, 06. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Kanbur, Ravi, 1991. "Children and intra-household inequality : a theoretical analysis," Policy Research Working Paper Series 685, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  8. Robert Breunig & Indraneel Dasgupta, 2003. "Welfare Transfers and Intra-Household Trickle Down: A Model with Evidence from the US Food Stamp Program," CEPR Discussion Papers 469, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University. [Downloadable!]
  9. Koolwal, Gayatri & Ray, Ranjan, 2002. "Estimating the endogenously determined intrahousehold balance of power and its impact on expenditure pattern : evidence from Nepal," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2814, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  10. Coudouel, Aline & Hentschel, Jesko & Wodon, Quentin, 2002. "Mesure et analyse de la pauvreté
    [Poverty Measurement and Analysis]    ," MPRA Paper 10490, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  11. Basu, Kaushik & Ray, Ranjan, 2002. "The collective model of the household and an unexpected implication for child labor : hypothesis and an empirical test," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2813, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  12. Laura Romeu Gordo & Andreas Motel-Klingebiel & Susanne Wurm, 2009. "SOEP as a Source for Research on Ageing: Issues, Measures and Possibilities for Improvement," SOEPpapers 173, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). [Downloadable!]
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  13. Eugenio Peluso & Alain Trannoy, 2005. "Do redistributive schemes reduce inequality between individuals?," Working Papers 26, Università di Verona, Dipartimento di Scienze economiche. [Downloadable!]
  14. Kristian Orsini & Amedeo Spadaro, 2006. "Strategic weight within couples: a microsimulation approach," PSE Working Papers 2006-32, PSE (Ecole normale supérieure). [Downloadable!]
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  15. Pareena G. Lawrence & Marakah Mancini, 2008. "Las decisiones de los hogares en Venezuela," Revista de Economía Institucional, Universidad Externado de Colombia - Facultad de Economía, vol. 10(18), pages 213-239, January-J. [Downloadable!]
  16. Emran, M. Shabe & Otsuka, Misuzu & Shilpi, Forhad, 2003. "Gender, generations, and nonfarm participation," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3087, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  17. Drusilla K. Brown & Alan V. Deardorff & Robert M Stern, 2002. "The Effects of Multinational Production on Wages and Working Conditions in Developing Countries," Working Papers 486, Research Seminar in International Economics, University of Michigan. [Downloadable!]
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  18. Zhiqi Chen & Frances Woolley, 1999. "A Cournot-Nash Model of Family Decision Making," Carleton Economic Papers 99-13, Carleton University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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  19. Coudouel, Aline & Hentschel, Jesko & Wodon, Quentin, 2002. "Medición y análisis de la pobreza
    [Poverty Measurement and Analysis]    ," MPRA Paper 10491, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  20. Winters, L. Alan, 2000. "Trade, Trade Policy and Poverty: What Are The Links?," CEPR Discussion Papers 2382, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  21. Therese Jefferson, John E. King, 2001. ""Never Intended To Be A Theory Of Everything": Domestic Labor In Neoclassical And Marxian Economics," Feminist Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 7(3), pages 71-101, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  22. Coudouel, Aline & Hentschel, Jesko & Wodon, Quentin, 2002. "Измерение И Анализ Бедности
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  23. Agarwal, Bina, 1997. ""Bargaining" and gender relations," FCND discussion papers 27, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). [Downloadable!]
  24. Bargain, Olivier & Moreau, Nicolas, 2005. "Cooperative Models in Action: Simulation of a Nash-Bargaining Model of Household Labor Supply with Taxation," IZA Discussion Papers 1480, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  25. Lee, Jungmin, 2004. "Observable and Unobservable Household Sharing Rules: Evidence from Young Couples' Pocket Money," IZA Discussion Papers 1250, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
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