IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/spo/wpmain/infohdl2441-5l6uh8ogmqildh09h6m8hj429.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Age, revenu et comportements d'épargne des ménages : une analyse théorique et empirique sur la période 1978-2006

Author

Listed:
  • Céline Antonin

Abstract

Au cours des cinquante dernières années, des modèles successifs ont été élaborés pour rendre compte du comportement d’épargne des ménages. Ces modèles diffèrent principalement par la longueur de l’horizon décisionnel : après avoir supposé une vision de court terme, l’horizon s’est progressivement élargi à la durée de vie du ménage, avant de devenir illimité ; on est ainsi passé du modèle myope keynésien, au modèle de cycle de vie, puis au modèle dynastique. Ces modèles ne sont pas exclusifs, et les théories développées récemment montrent que différents horizons peuvent coexister, par exemple dans le cadre d’une épargne de précaution avec volonté de transmission intergénérationnelle. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de tester la pertinence de ces différents cadres de pensée, et de déterminer l’horizon pertinent d’épargne des ménages à partir des enquêtes INSEE Budget des Familles, sur la période 1979-2006. On montre d’abord que l’hypothèse de cycle de vie constitue un cadre un peu simpliste pour rendre compte du comportement d’épargne des ménages, car l’on observe pas de décroissance des taux d’épargne en fin de vie. Il s’agit ensuite de détailler les comportements par âge, en distinguant les ménages d’âge actif des ménages retraités : – Les ménages d’âge actif sont essentiellement sensibles au motif de précaution (assurance contre les chocs de revenu à court terme), et au motif cycle de vie (perspective de préparation de la retraite). Ils ont peu de considérations dynastiques, et épargnent davantage sur les revenus du travail que sur les revenus du capital. – Les ménages retraités ont un comportement dynastique quel que soit leur niveau de richesse, avec une désaccumulation de capital très limitée. Autrement dit, au cours de leur vie active, les ménages se soucient essentiellement du lendemain, et dans une certaine mesure de leur retraite ; la prise en compte des générations futures n’intervient qu’au moment de la retraite. Le second objectif de cette étude est d’analyser l’existence de taux d’épargne différents sur le capital et sur le travail, une question récurrente dans le débat économique. Le consensus des macroéconomistes, selon lequel on épargne davantage sur le capital que sur le travail, est aujourd’hui battu en brèche par les nouvelles théories de l’épargne, notamment les théories de l’épargne de précaution. L’étude empirique à partir des données Budget des Familles suggère, pour la population d’âge actif, l’existence de taux d’épargne plus élevés sur le travail que sur le capital, ce qui légitime le motif de précaution.

Suggested Citation

  • Céline Antonin, 2009. "Age, revenu et comportements d'épargne des ménages : une analyse théorique et empirique sur la période 1978-2006," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqi, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqildh09h6m8hj429
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl:/2441/5l6uh8ogmqildh09h6m8hj429/resources/master2009antonin.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bertola, Giuseppe, 1993. "Factor Shares and Savings in Endogenous Growth," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 83(5), pages 1184-1198, December.
    2. Martin Browning & Annamaria Lusardi, 1996. "Household Saving: Micro Theories and Micro Facts," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 34(4), pages 1797-1855, December.
    3. Christopher D. Carroll, 1997. "Buffer-Stock Saving and the Life Cycle/Permanent Income Hypothesis," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 112(1), pages 1-55.
    4. Alberto Alesina & Dani Rodrik, 1994. "Distributive Politics and Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 109(2), pages 465-490.
    5. Hall, Robert E, 1978. "Stochastic Implications of the Life Cycle-Permanent Income Hypothesis: Theory and Evidence," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 86(6), pages 971-987, December.
    6. Christopher D. Carroll, 2001. "A Theory of the Consumption Function, with and without Liquidity Constraints," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 15(3), pages 23-45, Summer.
    7. Carroll, Christopher D., 2009. "Precautionary saving and the marginal propensity to consume out of permanent income," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(6), pages 780-790, September.
    8. repec:adr:anecst:y:1999:i:54:p:09 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Christopher D. Carroll & Karen E. Dynan & Spencer D. Krane, 2003. "Unemployment Risk and Precautionary Wealth: Evidence from Households' Balance Sheets," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 85(3), pages 586-604, August.
    10. Kotlikoff, Laurence J & Summers, Lawrence H, 1981. "The Role of Intergenerational Transfers in Aggregate Capital Accumulation," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 89(4), pages 706-732, August.
    11. Patrick Allard, 1991. "Le comportement d'épargne des ménages," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 6(2), pages 177-232.
    12. Luc Arrondel & André Masson, 2007. "Inégalités patrimoniales et choix individuels : des goûts et des richesses," Post-Print halshs-00754857, HAL.
    13. André Babeau & Alexandru Zeana, 2005. "Le cycle de vie au travers des comptes nationaux," Revue économique, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 56(4), pages 939-963.
    14. Deaton, Angus, 1991. "Saving and Liquidity Constraints," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(5), pages 1221-1248, September.
    15. Ramsès H. Abul Naga & Enrico Bolzani, 2006. "Poverty and Permanent Income: A Methodology for Cross-Section Data," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 81, pages 195-223.
    16. Milton Friedman, 1957. "Introduction to "A Theory of the Consumption Function"," NBER Chapters, in: A Theory of the Consumption Function, pages 1-6, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    17. Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas & Jonathan A. Parker, 2002. "Consumption Over the Life Cycle," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 70(1), pages 47-89, January.
    18. Luigi L. Pasinetti, 1962. "Rate of Profit and Income Distribution in Relation to the Rate of Economic Growth," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 29(4), pages 267-279.
    19. Milton Friedman, 1957. "A Theory of the Consumption Function," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number frie57-1, March.
    20. Neri Salvadori (ed.), 2003. "Old and New Growth Theories," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 2806.
    21. Fraisse, H., 2004. "Du nouveau sur le taux d’épargne des ménages français ?," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 130, pages 34-58.
    22. Damien Echevin, 1999. "Nouvelles approches des comportements d'épargne et de consommation," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 324(1), pages 9-18.
    23. Deaton, Angus, 1992. "Understanding Consumption," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198288244.
    24. Karen E. Dynan & Jonathan Skinner & Stephen P. Zeldes, 2004. "Do the Rich Save More?," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 112(2), pages 397-444, April.
    25. Patrick Villieu, 2008. "Macroéconomie : consommation et épargne," Post-Print halshs-00250802, HAL.
    26. repec:adr:anecst:y:2006:i:81:p:08 is not listed on IDEAS
    27. Luc Arrondel & Hector Calvo Pardo, 2008. "Les Français sont-ils prudents ? Patrimoine et risque sur les revenus des ménages," Working Papers halshs-00585994, HAL.
    28. Kessler, Denis & Masson, Andre, 1989. "Bequest and Wealth Accumulation: Are Some Pieces of the Puzzle Missing?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 3(3), pages 141-152, Summer.
    29. Jean-Claude Driant & Alain Jacquot, 2005. "Loyers imputés et inégalités de niveau de vie," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 381(1), pages 177-206.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqildh09h6m8hj429 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqildh09h6m8hj429 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqildh09h6m8hj429 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Bram De Rock & Bart Capéau, 2015. "The implications of household size and children for life-cycle saving," Working Paper Research 286, National Bank of Belgium.
    5. Apps, Patricia & Rees, Ray, 2004. "Life Cycle Time Allocation and Saving in an Imperfect Capital Market," IZA Discussion Papers 1036, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Francis, Johanna L., 2009. "Wealth and the capitalist spirit," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 394-408, September.
    7. Sattinger, Michael, 2011. "The Markov consumption problem," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(4-5), pages 409-416.
    8. Martin Browning & Thomas F. Crossley, 2001. "The Life-Cycle Model of Consumption and Saving," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 15(3), pages 3-22, Summer.
    9. Schunk, Daniel, 2007. "What determines the saving behavior of German households? : an examination of saving motives and saving decisions," Papers 07-10, Sonderforschungsbreich 504.
    10. Hugo Benitez-Silva, 2000. "A Dynamic Model Of Labor Supply, Consumption/Saving, And Annuity Decisions Under Uncertainty," Computing in Economics and Finance 2000 128, Society for Computational Economics.
    11. Hugo Benitez-Silva, 2000. "A Joint Model of Labor Supply and Consumption Decisions Under Uncertainty," Econometric Society World Congress 2000 Contributed Papers 0196, Econometric Society.
    12. Jim Malley & Hassan Molana, 2003. "The Life-Cycle-Permanent- Income Hypothesis: A Reinterpretation and Supporting Evidence," Dundee Discussion Papers in Economics 138, Economic Studies, University of Dundee.
    13. Essig, Lothar, 2005. "Precautionary saving and old-age provisions : do subjective saving motives measures work?," Papers 05-22, Sonderforschungsbreich 504.
    14. Wang, Neng, 2009. "Optimal consumption and asset allocation with unknown income growth," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(4), pages 524-534, May.
    15. Wang, Chong & Wang, Neng & Yang, Jinqiang, 2016. "Optimal consumption and savings with stochastic income and recursive utility," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 292-331.
    16. Yuliya Demyanyk & Dmytro Hryshko & Maria Jose Luengo-Prado & Bent E. Sorensen, 2015. "The Rise and Fall of Consumption in the 2000s," Working Papers (Old Series) 1507, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    17. Wang, Neng, 2004. "Precautionary saving and partially observed income," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(8), pages 1645-1681, November.
    18. Orazio P. Attanasio, 1998. "Consumption Demand," NBER Working Papers 6466, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Daria Pignalosa, 2021. "The Euler Equation Approach: Critical Implications of Recent Developments in the Theory of Intertemporal Choice," Bulletin of Political Economy, Bulletin of Political Economy, vol. 15(1), pages 1-43, June.
    20. Wang, Neng, 2006. "Generalizing the permanent-income hypothesis: Revisiting Friedman's conjecture on consumption," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(4), pages 737-752, May.
    21. Wang, Neng, 2007. "An equilibrium model of wealth distribution," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(7), pages 1882-1904, October.
    22. Emilio Fernandez-Corugedo, 2004. "Consumption Theory," Handbooks, Centre for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England, number 23, April.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqildh09h6m8hj429. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Spire @ Sciences Po Library (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ecspofr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.