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The Impact of New Doctorate Graduates on Innovation Systems in Europe

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  • Leogrande, Angelo
  • Costantiello, Alberto
  • Laureti, Lucio

Abstract

In this article we investigate the determinants of “New Doctorate Graduates” in Europe. We use data from the EIS-European Innovation Scoreboard of the European Commission for 36 countries in the period 2010-2019 with Pooled OLS, Dynamic Panel, WLS, Panel Data with Fixed Effects and Panel Data with Random Effects. We found that “New Doctorate Graduates” is positively associated, among others, with “Human Resources” and “Government Procurement of Advanced Technology Products” and negatively, associated among others, with “Total Entrepreneurial Activity” and “Innovation Index”. We apply a clusterization with k-Means algorithm either with the Silhouette Coefficient either with the Elbow Method and we found that in both cases the optimal number of clusters is three. Furthermore, we use the Network Analysis with the Distance of Manhattan, and we find the presence of seven network structures. Finally, we propose a confrontation among ten machine learning algorithms to predict the value of “New Doctorate Graduates” either with Original Data-OD either with Augmented Data-AD. Results show that SGD-Stochastic Gradient Descendent is the best predictor for OD while Linear Regression performs better for AD.

Suggested Citation

  • Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio, 2022. "The Impact of New Doctorate Graduates on Innovation Systems in Europe," MPRA Paper 114452, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:114452
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio, 2021. "The Impact of Venture Capital Expenditures on Innovation in Europe," MPRA Paper 109897, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio & De Cristoforo, Gianluca & Leogrande, Angelo, 2021. "The Innovation-Sales Growth Nexus in Europe," MPRA Paper 106858, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 28 Mar 2021.
    3. Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio & Leogrande, Angelo, 2022. "The Determinants of Lifelong Learning in Europe," MPRA Paper 114053, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Leogrande, Angelo & Magaletti, Nicola & Cosoli, Gabriele & Giardinelli, Vito O. M. & Massaro, Alessandro, 2022. "The Determinants of Internet User Skills in Europe," MPRA Paper 113123, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Nor Ahmad Khamzah & Sarah Md. Sah & Norhayati Hussin, 2017. "Information Management in Education," International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, vol. 7(8), pages 743-749, August.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Costantiello, Alberto & Leogrande, Angelo, 2023. "The Impact of Research and Development Expenditures on ESG Model in the Global Economy," MPRA Paper 117013, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio, 2022. "The Role of Non-R&D Expenditures in Promoting Innovation in Europe," MPRA Paper 114526, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio, 2022. "The impact of patent applications on technological innovation in European countries," MPRA Paper 115346, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Innovation; and Invention: Processes and Incentives; Management of Technological Innovation and R&D; Diffusion Processes; Open Innovation.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
    • O30 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - General
    • O32 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D

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