IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/109749.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Human Resources in Europe. Estimation, Clusterization, Machine Learning and Prediction

Author

Listed:
  • Leogrande, Angelo
  • Costantiello, Alberto

Abstract

We estimate the relationships between innovation and human resources in Europe using the European Innovation Scoreboard of the European Commission for 36 countries for the period 2010-2019. We perform Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Random Effects, Pooled OLS, Dynamic Panel and WLS. We found that Human resources is positively associated to “Basic-school entrepreneurial education and training”, “Employment MHT manufacturing KIS services”, “Employment share Manufacturing (SD)”, “Lifelong learning”, “New doctorate graduates”, “R&D expenditure business sector”, “R&D expenditure public sector”, “Tertiary education”. Our results also show that “Human Resources” is negatively associated to “Government procurement of advanced technology products”, “Medium and high-tech product exports”, “SMEs innovating in-house”, “Venture capital”. In adjunct we perform a clusterization with k-Means algorithm and we find the presence of three clusters. Clusterization shows the presence of Central and Northern European countries that has higher levels of Human Resources, while Southern and Eastern Europe has very low degree of Human Resources. Finally, we use seven machine learning algorithms to predict the value of Human Resources in Europe Countries using data in the period 2014-2021 and we show that the linear regression algorithm performs at the highest level.

Suggested Citation

  • Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto, 2021. "Human Resources in Europe. Estimation, Clusterization, Machine Learning and Prediction," MPRA Paper 109749, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:109749
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/109749/1/MPRA_paper_109749.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert M. Solow, 1956. "A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 70(1), pages 65-94.
    2. Giebel, Marek & Kraft, Kornelius, 2018. "Bank credit supply and firm innovation," ZEW Discussion Papers 18-011, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    3. Paul M. Romer, 1994. "The Origins of Endogenous Growth," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 8(1), pages 3-22, Winter.
    4. Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio & De Cristoforo, Gianluca & Leogrande, Angelo, 2021. "The Innovation-Sales Growth Nexus in Europe," MPRA Paper 106858, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 28 Mar 2021.
    5. Leogrande, Angelo & Laureti, Lucio & Costantiello, Alberto, 2022. "The Innovation Index in Europe," MPRA Paper 112841, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Claudia Capozza & Marialuisa Divella, 2019. "Human capital and firms’ innovation: evidence from emerging economies," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(7), pages 741-757, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio, 2022. "The Export of Medium and High-Tech Products Manufactured in Europe," MPRA Paper 114215, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio, 2021. "The Impact of Venture Capital Expenditures on Innovation in Europe," MPRA Paper 109897, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Leogrande, Angelo & Laureti, Lucio & Costantiello, Alberto, 2022. "The Innovation Index in Europe," MPRA Paper 112841, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Laureti, Lucio & Costantiello, Alberto & Matarrese, Marco Maria & Leogrande, Angelo, 2022. "The Employment in Innovative Enterprises in Europe," MPRA Paper 111335, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio, 2022. "k-Means Clusterization and Machine Learning Prediction of European Most Cited Scientific Publications," MPRA Paper 114273, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Costantiello, Alberto & Leogrande, Angelo, 2023. "The Impact of Research and Development Expenditures on ESG Model in the Global Economy," MPRA Paper 117013, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Leogrande, Angelo, 2022. "The Export of High Knowledge Intensity Services of European Countries," MPRA Paper 112795, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio & Leogrande, Angelo, 2022. "Marketing and Organizational Innovations in Europe," MPRA Paper 114121, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio & Matarrese, Marco Maria, 2022. "International Scientific Co-Publications in Europe," MPRA Paper 113162, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio, 2021. "The Broadband Penetration in Europe," MPRA Paper 110457, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Laureti, Lucio & Costantiello, Alberto & Matarrese, Marco Maria & Leogrande, Angelo, 2022. "Enterprises Providing ICT Training in Europe," MPRA Paper 111756, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio & Matarrese, Marco Maria, 2022. "Innovative SMEs Collaborating with Others in Europe," MPRA Paper 113008, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio & Leogrande, Domenico, 2021. "The Determinants of Design Applications in Europe," MPRA Paper 110836, University Library of Munich, Germany.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio, 2021. "The Impact of Venture Capital Expenditures on Innovation in Europe," MPRA Paper 109897, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Laureti, Lucio & Costantiello, Alberto & Matarrese, Marco Maria & Leogrande, Angelo, 2022. "The Employment in Innovative Enterprises in Europe," MPRA Paper 111335, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio & Leogrande, Angelo & Marco, Matarrese, 2021. "The Innovation Linkages in Europe," MPRA Paper 111038, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio, 2021. "The Broadband Penetration in Europe," MPRA Paper 110457, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Laureti, Lucio & Costantiello, Alberto & Matarrese, Marco Maria & Leogrande, Angelo, 2022. "Enterprises Providing ICT Training in Europe," MPRA Paper 111756, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio & Leogrande, Domenico, 2021. "The Determinants of Design Applications in Europe," MPRA Paper 110836, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Sorin Celea & Petre Brezeanu & Ana Petrina Păun, 2013. "Fiscal Discipline within the EU: Comparative Analysis," Annals of the University of Petrosani, Economics, University of Petrosani, Romania, vol. 13(2), pages 23-30.
    8. Szalavetz, Andrea, 2002. "Az informatikai szektor és a felzárkózó gazdaságok [The informatics sector and the advancing economies]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(9), pages 794-804.
    9. Asongu, Simplice & Boateng, Agyenim & Akamavi, Raphael, 2016. "Mobile Phone Innovation and Inclusive Human Development: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa," MPRA Paper 75046, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Nicholas Tsounis & Ian Steedman, 2021. "A New Method for Measuring Total Factor Productivity Growth Based on the Full Industry Equilibrium Approach: The Case of the Greek Economy," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-21, August.
    11. Jeon, Heesang, 2015. "Knowledge and Contemporary Capitalism in Light of Marx's Value Theory," Thesis Commons g5njk, Center for Open Science.
    12. Mussarat Khan, 2016. "Contribution of female human capital in economic growth: an empirical analysis of Pakistan (1972–2012)," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 50(2), pages 709-728, March.
    13. Schilirò, Daniele, 2006. "Crescita economica, conoscenza e capitale umano. Le teorie e i modelli di crescita endogena di Paul Romer e Robert Lucas [Economic growth, knowledge and human capital. Theories and models of endoge," MPRA Paper 52435, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Naeem AKRAM*, 2017. "Role of Public Debt in Economic Growth of Sri Lanka: An ARDL Approach," Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics, Applied Economics Research Centre, vol. 27(2), pages 189-212.
    15. Zafar, Muhammad Wasif & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Hou, Fujun & Sinha, Avik, 2018. "¬¬¬¬¬¬From Nonrenewable to Renewable Energy and Its Impact on Economic Growth: Silver Line of Research & Development Expenditures in APEC Countries," MPRA Paper 90611, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 10 Dec 2018.
    16. repec:ebl:ecbull:v:2:y:2002:i:1:p:1-15 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Joan Carles Ferrer-Comalat & Salvador Linares-Mustarós & Ricard Rigall-Torrent, 2021. "Incorporating Fuzzy Logic in Harrod’s Economic Growth Model," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(18), pages 1-20, September.
    18. Moaniba, Igam M. & Su, Hsin-Ning & Lee, Pei-Chun, 2019. "On the drivers of innovation: Does the co-evolution of technological diversification and international collaboration matter?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    19. Durlauf, Steven N. & Quah, Danny T., 1999. "The new empirics of economic growth," Handbook of Macroeconomics, in: J. B. Taylor & M. Woodford (ed.), Handbook of Macroeconomics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 4, pages 235-308, Elsevier.
    20. Yasmina Reem Limam & Stephen M. Miller, 2004. "Explaining Economic Growth: Factor Accumulation, Total Factor Productivity Growth, and Production Efficiency Improvement," Working papers 2004-20, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics.
    21. Octavian-Dragomir Jora & Matei Alexandru Apavaloaei & Mihai-Vladimir Topan & Tudor-Gherasim Smirna, 2022. "The Market for Ideas and Its Validation Filters: Scientific Truth, Economic Profit and Political Approval," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 24(Special16), pages 884-884, November.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives; Management of Technological Innovation and R&D; Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital; Open Innovation; Government Policy.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O30 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - General
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O32 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • O34 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
    • O38 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Government Policy

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:109749. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.