IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/103695.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

ETFs tracking errors on global markets with consideration of regional diversity

Author

Listed:
  • Dobson, Peter

Abstract

This study evaluates the performance of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) by using various tracking error calculation approaches. The aim of the paper is on the one hand the evaluation of the relative performance of ETFs to their benchmarking indexes and on the other the endeavour to specify any relationship between this performance and both geographical location and the degree of market development. The research was conducted on the basis of 18 different ETFs issued by iShares, six for each of the three regions: both Americas, Asia and Europe. The results indicate that ETFs do not mimic their corresponding indexes well. Calculated tracking errors are different from zero and often significantly negative. Furthermore the value of tracking errors depends on the region and market development.

Suggested Citation

  • Dobson, Peter, 2020. "ETFs tracking errors on global markets with consideration of regional diversity," MPRA Paper 103695, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:103695
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/103695/1/MPRA_paper_103695.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Laurent Deville, 2008. "Exchange Traded Funds: History, Trading, and Research," Springer Optimization and Its Applications, in: Constantin Zopounidis & Michael Doumpos & Panos M. Pardalos (ed.), Handbook of Financial Engineering, pages 67-98, Springer.
    2. David Blitz & Joop Huij & Laurens Swinkels, 2012. "The Performance of European Index Funds and Exchange†Traded Funds," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 18(4), pages 649-662, September.
    3. Baş, Nazlı Kalfa & Sarıoğlu, Serra Eren, 2015. "Tracking Ability and Pricing Efficiency of Exchange Traded Funds: Evidence from Borsa Istanbul," Business and Economics Research Journal, Uludag University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, vol. 6(1), pages 19-33, January.
    4. Harper, Joel T. & Madura, Jeff & Schnusenberg, Oliver, 2006. "Performance comparison between exchange-traded funds and closed-end country funds," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 104-122, April.
    5. Burton G. Malkiel, 2003. "The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics," Working Papers 111, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
    6. Burton G. Malkiel, 2003. "The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics," Working Papers 111, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
    7. repec:dau:papers:123456789/903 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Adam Marszk, 2016. "Impact of Innovative Financial Products on Financial Systems: Exchange Traded Products and the Polish Financial System," International Economics, University of Lodz, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, issue 14, pages 114-132, June.
    9. Agapova, Anna, 2011. "Conventional mutual index funds versus exchange-traded funds," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 323-343, May.
    10. repec:pri:cepsud:91malkiel is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Basu, S, 1977. "Investment Performance of Common Stocks in Relation to Their Price-Earnings Ratios: A Test of the Efficient Market Hypothesis," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(3), pages 663-682, June.
    12. Fama, Eugene F, 1970. "Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 25(2), pages 383-417, May.
    13. Madhavan, Ananth N., 2016. "Exchange-Traded Funds and the New Dynamics of Investing," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780190279394.
    14. Burton G. Malkiel, 2003. "The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 17(1), pages 59-82, Winter.
    15. George W. Evans & Seppo Honkapohja, 2005. "An Interview with Thomas J. Sargent," CESifo Working Paper Series 1434, CESifo.
    16. Shin, Sangheon & Soydemir, Gökçe, 2010. "Exchange-traded funds, persistence in tracking errors and information dissemination," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 20(4-5), pages 214-234, December.
    17. Blitz, David & Huij, Joop, 2012. "Evaluating the performance of global emerging markets equity exchange-traded funds," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 149-158.
    18. Krystian Zawadzki, 2015. "Estimation Of The Willingness-To-Pay For Preserving The Football Arena In Gdansk," "e-Finanse", University of Information Technology and Management, Institute of Financial Research and Analysis, vol. 11(1), pages 44-55, August.
    19. Laurent Deville, 2008. "Exchange Traded Funds: History, Trading and Research," Post-Print halshs-00162223, HAL.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Czereszenko, Witalij, 2021. "Pursuing the aim of Exchange Traded Funds at the time of Covid-19," MPRA Paper 111319, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Mahata, Ajit & Rai, Anish & Nurujjaman, Md. & Prakash, Om, 2021. "Modeling and analysis of the effect of COVID-19 on the stock price: V and L-shape recovery," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 574(C).
    3. Qianwei Ying & Tahir Yousaf & Qurat ul Ain & Yasmeen Akhtar & Muhammad Shahid Rasheed, 2019. "Stock Investment and Excess Returns: A Critical Review in the Light of the Efficient Market Hypothesis," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-22, June.
    4. Bernard Njindan Iyke, 2019. "A Test Of The Efficiency Of The Foreign Exchange Market In Indonesia," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, vol. 0(12th BMEB), pages 1-26, January.
    5. Charteris, Ailie & Chau, Frankie & Gavriilidis, Konstantinos & Kallinterakis, Vasileios, 2014. "Premiums, discounts and feedback trading: Evidence from emerging markets' ETFs," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 80-89.
    6. Goel, Garima & Ahluwalia, Eshan, 2021. "Do pricing efficiencies in Indian equity ETF market impact its performance?," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    7. Lechman, Ewa & Marszk, Adam, 2015. "ICT technologies and financial innovations: The case of exchange traded funds in Brazil, Japan, Mexico, South Korea and the United States," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 355-376.
    8. Nunes, Mauro Fracarolli, 2018. "Supply chain contamination: An exploratory approach on the collateral effects of negative corporate events," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 573-587.
    9. Ashok Chanabasangouda Patil & Shailesh Rastogi, 2019. "Time-Varying Price–Volume Relationship and Adaptive Market Efficiency: A Survey of the Empirical Literature," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, June.
    10. Marszk, Adam & Lechman, Ewa, 2021. "Reshaping financial systems: The role of ICT in the diffusion of financial innovations – Recent evidence from European countries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    11. David M. Ritzwoller & Joseph P. Romano, 2019. "Uncertainty in the Hot Hand Fallacy: Detecting Streaky Alternatives to Random Bernoulli Sequences," Papers 1908.01406, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2021.
    12. Jitka Veselá & Alžběta Zíková, 2022. "Are the Czech, Polish, German and Dutch markets taking a random walk? [Konají český, polský, německý a nizozemský trh náhodnou procházku?]," Český finanční a účetní časopis, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2022(2), pages 19-38.
    13. Muchnik, Lev & Bunde, Armin & Havlin, Shlomo, 2009. "Long term memory in extreme returns of financial time series," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 388(19), pages 4145-4150.
    14. Cristi Spulbar & Ramona Birau & Lucian Florin Spulbar, 2021. "A Critical Survey on Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), Adaptive Market Hypothesis (AMH) and Fractal Markets Hypothesis (FMH) Considering Their Implication on Stock Markets Behavior," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 0(2), pages 1161-1165, December.
    15. Rešovský, Marcel & Gróf, Marek & Horváth, Denis & Gazda, Vladimír, 2014. "Analysis of the Lead-Lag Relationship on South Africa capital market," MPRA Paper 57309, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Diniz-Maganini, Natalia & Diniz, Eduardo H. & Rasheed, Abdul A., 2021. "Bitcoin’s price efficiency and safe haven properties during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    17. Svitlana Galeshchuk, 2017. "Technological bias at the exchange rate market," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(2-3), pages 80-86, April.
    18. Yardley, Ben, 2020. "The Effects of Donald Trump’s Tweets on The Stock Exchange," MPRA Paper 102578, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Angelini, Giovanni & De Angelis, Luca & Singleton, Carl, 2022. "Informational efficiency and behaviour within in-play prediction markets," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 282-299.
    20. Kevin Primicerio & Damien Challet & Stanislao Gualdi, 2017. "Wisdom of the institutional crowd," Working Papers hal-01484914, HAL.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ETF; tracking error; passive fund; emerging market; developed market.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:103695. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.