This file is part of IDEAS , which uses RePEc data
[ Papers |
Articles |
Software |
Books |
Chapters |
Authors |
Institutions |
JEL Classification |
NEP reports |
Search |
New papers by email |
Author registration |
Rankings |
Volunteers |
FAQ |
Blog |
Help! ]
Cowards and Heroes: Group Loyalty in the American Civil War Author info | Abstract | Publisher info | Download info | Related research | Statistics Dora L. Costa
Matthew E. Kahn
Additional information is available for the following
registered author(s):
What motivated men to risk death in the most horrific war in U.S. history when pay was low and irregular and military punishment strategies were weak? In such a situation creating group loyalty by promoting social capital is of paramount importance and in the Civil War was the cement of both armies. We find that individual and company socio-economic and demographic characteristics, ideology, and morale were important predictors of group loyalty in the Union Army. Company characteristics were more important than ideology or morale. Soldiers in companies that were more homogeneous in ethnicity, occupation, and age were less likely to shirk.
To download:
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the
proper application to
view it first. Information about this may be contained
in the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read
the IDEAS help
file . Note that these files are not on the IDEAS
site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version under "Related research" (further below) or search for a different version of it.
Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number
8627.
Download reference. The following formats are available: HTML ,
plain text ,
BibTeX ,
RIS (EndNote),
ReDIF
Length:
Date of creation: Dec 2001Date of revision:
Publication status: published as Costa, Dora L. and Matthew E. Kahn. "Cowards And Heroes: Group Loyalty In The American Civil War," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2003, v118(2,May), 519-548.Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:8627Note: DAEContact details of provider: Postal: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. Phone: 617-868-3900 Email: Web page: http://www.nber.org More information through EDIRC
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its listing, contact: ().
Keywords: Other versions of this item:
Find related papers by JEL classification: L39 - Industrial Organization - - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise - - - Other Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Social Norms and Social Capital; Social Networks Economic Anthropology
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports :
References listed on IDEAS Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile , click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.: Robert W. Fogel & Larry T. Wimmer, 1992.
"Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease, and Death ,"
NBER Historical Working Papers
0038, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions: Erzo F. P. Luttmer, 2001.
"Group Loyalty and the Taste for Redistribution ,"
Journal of Political Economy ,
University of Chicago Press, vol. 109(3), pages 500-528, June.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions: Alberto Alesina & Eliana La Ferrara, 2000.
"Participation In Heterogeneous Communities ,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics ,
MIT Press, vol. 115(3), pages 847-904, August.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions: Steven D. Levitt & Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh, 2000.
"An Economic Analysis Of A Drug-Selling Gang'S Finances ,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics ,
MIT Press, vol. 115(3), pages 755-789, August.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions: Ichino, Andrea & Maggi, Giovanni, 2000.
"Work Environment And Individual Background: Explaining Regional Shirking Differentials In A Large Italian Firm ,"
CEPR Discussion Papers
2387, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions:
Andrea Ichino & Giovanni Maggi, 1999.
"Work Environment and Individual Background: Explaining Regional Shirking Differentials in a Large Italian Firm ,"
NBER Working Papers
7415, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
[Downloadable!] (restricted) Andrea Ichino & Giovanni Maggi, 2000.
"Work Environment And Individual Background: Explaining Regional Shirking Differentials In A Large Italian Firm ,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics ,
MIT Press, vol. 115(3), pages 1057-1090, August.
[Downloadable!] (restricted) Charles F. Manski, 2000.
"Economic Analysis of Social Interactions ,"
Journal of Economic Perspectives ,
American Economic Association, vol. 14(3), pages 115-136, Summer.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions: Luigi Guiso & Paola Sapienza & Luigi Zingales, 2000.
"The Role of Social Capital in Financial Development ,"
CRSP working papers
511, Center for Research in Security Prices, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago.
[Downloadable!]
Other versions:
Guiso, Luigi & Sapienza, Paola & Zingales, Luigi, 2000.
"The Role of Social Capital In Financial Development ,"
CEPR Discussion Papers
2383, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
[Downloadable!] (restricted) Luigi Guiso & Paola Sapienza & Luigi Zingales, 2000.
"The Role of Social Capital in Financial Development ,"
NBER Working Papers
7563, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
[Downloadable!] (restricted) Luigi Guiso & Paola Sapienza & Luigi Zingales, 2004.
"The Role of Social Capital in Financial Development ,"
American Economic Review ,
American Economic Association, vol. 94(3), pages 526-556, June.
[Downloadable!] (restricted) Knack, Stephen & Keefer, Philip, 1997.
"Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross-Country Investigation ,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics ,
MIT Press, vol. 112(4), pages 1251-88, November.
La Porta, Rafael, et al, 1997.
"Trust in Large Organizations ,"
American Economic Review ,
American Economic Association, vol. 87(2), pages 333-38, May.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions: Brock, William A & Durlauf, Steven N, 2001.
"Discrete Choice with Social Interactions ,"
Review of Economic Studies ,
Blackwell Publishing, vol. 68(2), pages 235-60, April.
Other versions: James M. Poterba, 1996.
"Demographic Structure and the Political Economy of Public Education ,"
NBER Working Papers
5677, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Eli Berman, 2000.
"Sect, Subsidy, And Sacrifice: An Economist'S View Of Ultra-Orthodox Jews ,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics ,
MIT Press, vol. 115(3), pages 905-953, August.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions: Iannaccone, Laurence R, 1992.
"Sacrifice and Stigma: Reducing Free-Riding in Cults, Communes, and Other Collectives ,"
Journal of Political Economy ,
University of Chicago Press, vol. 100(2), pages 271-91, April.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions: Edward L. Glaeser & David I. Laibson & José A. Scheinkman & Christine L. Soutter, 2000.
"Measuring Trust ,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics ,
MIT Press, vol. 115(3), pages 811-846, August.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Edward L. Glaeser & David Laibson & Bruce Sacerdote, 2000.
"The Economic Approach to Social Capital ,"
NBER Working Papers
7728, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions: repec:att:wimass:199127 is not listed on IDEAS
Alberto Alesina & Reza Baqir & William Easterly, 1999.
"Public Goods And Ethnic Divisions ,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics ,
MIT Press, vol. 114(4), pages 1243-1284, November.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions:
Alesina, Alberto & Baqir, Reza & Easterly, William, 1999.
"Public goods and ethnic divisions ,"
Policy Research Working Paper Series
2108, The World Bank.
[Downloadable!] Alberto Alesina & Reza Baqir & William Easterly, 1997.
"Public Goods and Ethnic Divisions ,"
NBER Working Papers
6009, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
[Downloadable!] (restricted) Lazear, Edward P, 1979.
"Why Is There Mandatory Retirement? ,"
Journal of Political Economy ,
University of Chicago Press, vol. 87(6), pages 1261-84, December.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions: Bengt Holmstrom, 1982.
"Moral Hazard in Teams ,"
Bell Journal of Economics ,
The RAND Corporation, vol. 13(2), pages 324-340, Autumn.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Full
references Cited by : (explanations , Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile , click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)
Franklin G. Mixon & Jared S. Loftus & Windy S. Keenel, 2004.
"The decay of norms and the production of social order: conceptual and empirical models ,"
Applied Economics Letters ,
Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 11(12), pages 725-730, October.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Steven N. Durlauf & Marcel Fafchamps, 2004.
"Social Capital ,"
NBER Working Papers
10485, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions:
Durlauf,S.N. & Fafchamps,M., 2004.
"Social capital ,"
Working papers
12, Wisconsin Madison - Social Systems.
[Downloadable!] Steven Durlauf & Marcel Fafchamps, 2004.
"Social Capital ,"
Development and Comp Systems
0409060, EconWPA.
[Downloadable!] Durlauf, Steven N. & Fafchamps, Marcel, 2005.
"Social Capital ,"
Handbook of Economic Growth ,
in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 26, pages 1639-1699
Elsevier.
[Downloadable!] (restricted) Jeffrey Milyo & Jennifer M. Mellor, 2004.
"State Social Capital and Individual Health Status ,"
Working Papers
0419, Department of Economics, University of Missouri.
[Downloadable!]
Other versions: Chulhee Lee, 2005.
"Health, Information, and Migration: Geographic Mobility of Union Army Veterans, 1860-1880 ,"
NBER Working Papers
11207, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Dora L. Costa & Matthew E. Kahn, 2004.
"Shame and Ostracism: Union Army Deserters Leave Home ,"
NBER Working Papers
10425, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Lex Borghans & Bas ter Weel & Bruce A. Weinberg, 2007.
"Interpersonal Styles and Labor Market Outcomes ,"
NBER Working Papers
12846, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions:
Lex Borghans & Bas ter Weel & Bruce A. Weinberg, 2006.
"Interpersonal Styles and Labor Market Outcomes ,"
IZA Discussion Papers
2466, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
[Downloadable!] Weinberg, Bruce A. & Borghans, Lex & Weel, Bas ter, 2006.
"Interpersonal Styles and Labor Market Outcomes ,"
UNU-MERIT Working Paper Series
045, United Nations University, Maastricht Economic and social Research and training centre on Innovation and Technology.
[Downloadable!] Borghans Lex & Weel Bas ter & Weinberg Bruce A., 2007.
"Interpersonal Styles and Labor Market Outcomes ,"
Research Memoranda
001, Maastricht : ROA, Researchcentrum voor Onderwijs en Arbeidsmarkt.
[Downloadable!] Serguei Kaniovski & Dennis C. Mueller, .
"Community Size, Heterogeneity and Voter Turnouts ,"
WIFO Working Papers
248, WIFO.
[Downloadable!]
Aureo de Paula, 2004.
"Social Interactions in a Synchronization Game ,"
Econometric Society 2004 Latin American Meetings
277, Econometric Society.
[Downloadable!]
Daniel M. Hungerman, 2007.
"Diversity and Crowd-out: A Theory of Cold-Glow Giving ,"
NBER Working Papers
13348, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Franklin G. Mixon & Jared S. Loftus & Windy S. Keene, 2005.
"The decay of norms and the production of social order: conceptual and empirical models ,"
Applied Economics Letters ,
Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 12(1), pages 1-6, January.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Dora L. Costa & Matthew E. Kahn, 2004.
"Forging a New Identity: The Costs and Benefits of Diversity in Civil War Combat Units for Black Slaves and Freemen ,"
NBER Working Papers
11013, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions: Andrew Leigh, 2006.
"Trust, Inequality, and Ethnic Heterogeneity ,"
CEPR Discussion Papers
511, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University.
[Downloadable!]
Other versions: Edward Glaeser & Giacomo Ponzetto & Andrei Shleifer, 2006.
"Why Does Democracy Need Education? ,"
NBER Working Papers
12128, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions: Jeffrey Milyo & Jennifer M. Mellor & Lisa Anderson, 2004.
"Inequality, Group Cohesion, and Public Good Provision: An Experimental Analysis ,"
Working Papers
0418, Department of Economics, University of Missouri, revised 27 Dec 2004.
[Downloadable!]
Access and
download statistics Did you know? Over 77% of the top 1000 economists are registered on RePEc.
This page was last updated on 2008-8-19.
This information is provided to you by IDEAS at the Department of Economics , College of Liberal Arts and Sciences , University of Connecticut using RePEc data on a server sponsored by the Society for Economic Dynamics .