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Optimal Recursive Refinancing and the Valuation of Mortgage-Backed Securities

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Francis A. Longstaff
Abstract

We study the optimal recursive refinancing problem where a borrower minimizes his lifetime mortgage costs by repeatedly refinancing when rates drop sufficiently. Key factors affecting the optimal decision are the cost of refinancing and the possibility that the mortgagor may have to refinance at a premium rate because of his credit. The optimal recursive strategy often results in prepayment being delayed significantly relative to traditional models. Furthermore, mortgage values can exceed par by much more than the cost of refinancing. Applying the recursive model to an extensive sample of mortgage-backed security prices, we find that the implied credit spreads that match these prices closely parallel borrowers' actual spreads at the origination of the mortgage. These results suggest that optimal recursive models may provide a promising alternative to the reduced-form prepayment models widely used in practice.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 10422.

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Date of creation: Apr 2004
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:10422

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G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets

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  1. Dunn, Kenneth B & McConnell, John J, 1981. "Valuation of GNMA Mortgage-Backed Securities," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 36(3), pages 599-616, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. McConnell, John J & Singh, Manoj, 1994. " Rational Prepayments and the Valuation of Collateralized Mortgage Obligations," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(3), pages 891-921, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Dunn, Kenneth B & Singleton, Kenneth J, 1983. " An Empirical Analysis of the Pricing of Mortgage-Backed Securities," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 38(2), pages 612-23, May.
  4. Elizabeth Laderman, 2001. "Subprime mortgage lending and the capital markets," FRBSF Economic Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue Dec 28. [Downloadable!]
  5. Schwartz, Eduardo S & Torous, Walter N, 1989. " Prepayment and the Valuation of Mortgage-Backed Securities," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 44(2), pages 375-92, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Stanton, Richard, 1995. "Rational Prepayment and the Valuation Mortgage-Backed Securities," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 8(3), pages 677-708. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Boudoukh, Jacob, et al, 1997. "Pricing Mortgage-Backed Securities in a Multifactor Interest Rate Environment: A Multivariate Density Estimation Approach," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 10(2), pages 405-46.
  8. Black, Fischer, 1976. "The pricing of commodity contracts," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(1-2), pages 167-179. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Chari, V V & Jagannathan, Ravi, 1989. " Adverse Selection in a Model of Real Estate Lending," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 44(2), pages 499-508, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Dunn, Kenneth B & McConnell, John J, 1981. "A Comparison of Alternative Models for Pricing GNMA Mortgage-Backed Securities," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 36(2), pages 471-84, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Longstaff, Francis A. & Santa-Clara, Pedro & Schwartz, Eduardo S., 2001. "Throwing away a billion dollars: the cost of suboptimal exercise strategies in the swaptions market," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(1), pages 39-66, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Cox, John C & Ingersoll, Jonathan E, Jr & Ross, Stephen A, 1985. "A Theory of the Term Structure of Interest Rates," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 53(2), pages 385-407, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. LeRoy, Stephen F, 1996. "Mortgage Valuation under Optimal Prepayment," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 9(3), pages 817-44. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Eduardo S. Schwartz & Walter N. Torous, 1993. "Mortgage Prepayment and Default Decisions: A Poisson Regression Approach," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 21(4), pages 431-449. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Richard Stanton & Nancy Wallace, 1998. "Mortgage Choice: What's the Point?," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 26(2), pages 173-205. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Michael J. Brennan & Eduardo S. Schwartz, 1985. "Determinants of GNMA Mortgage Prices," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 13(3), pages 209-228. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  1. Laureano F. Escudero Bueno & María Araceli Garín Martín & María Merino Maestre & Gloria Pérez Sainz de Rozas, 2005. "A two-stage stochastic integer programming approach ," BILTOKI 200501, Universidad del País Vasco - Departamento de Economía Aplicada III (Econometría y Estadística). [Downloadable!]
  2. Xavier Gabaix & Arvind Krishnamurthy & Olivier Vigneron, 2005. "Limits of Arbitrage: Theory and Evidence from the Mortgage-Backed Securities Market," NBER Working Papers 11851, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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