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Houses as ATMs: Mortgage Refinancing and Macroeconomic Uncertainty

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  • HUI CHEN
  • MICHAEL MICHAUX
  • NIKOLAI ROUSSANOV

Abstract

Mortgage refinancing activity associated with extraction of home equity contains a strongly countercyclical component consistent with household demand for liquidity. We estimate a structural model of liquidity management featuring countercyclical idiosyncratic labor income uncertainty, long‐ and short‐term mortgages, and realistic borrowing constraints. We empirically evaluate its predictions for households' choices of leverage, liquid assets, and mortgage refinancing using microlevel data. Taking the observed historical paths of house prices, aggregate income, and interest rates as given, the model accounts for many salient features in the evolution of balance sheets and consumption in the cross‐section of households over 2001 to 2012.

Suggested Citation

  • Hui Chen & Michael Michaux & Nikolai Roussanov, 2020. "Houses as ATMs: Mortgage Refinancing and Macroeconomic Uncertainty," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 75(1), pages 323-375, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jfinan:v:75:y:2020:i:1:p:323-375
    DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12842
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    Cited by:

    1. Rafiq, Shuddhasattwa, 2022. "How did house and stock prices respond to different crisis episodes since the 1870s?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    2. Stephen G. Dimmock & William C. Gerken & Tyson Van Alfen, 2021. "Real Estate Shocks and Financial Advisor Misconduct," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(6), pages 3309-3346, December.
    3. Katya Kartashova & Xiaoqing Zhou, 2020. "How Do Mortgage Rate Resets Affect Consumer Spending and Debt Repayment? Evidence from Canadian Consumers," Staff Working Papers 20-18, Bank of Canada.
    4. Jose E. Gomez-Gonzalez & Jorge Hirs-Garzón & Sebastián Sanin-Restrepo & Jorge M. Uribe, 2024. "Financial and Macroeconomic Uncertainties and Real Estate Markets," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 50(1), pages 29-53, January.
    5. Piskorski, Tomasz & Seru, Amit, 2021. "Debt relief and slow recovery: A decade after Lehman," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(3), pages 1036-1059.
    6. Gianni La Cava & Lydia Wang, 2021. "The Rise in Household Liquidity," RBA Research Discussion Papers rdp2021-10, Reserve Bank of Australia.
    7. Jean‐Noël Barrot & Erik Loualiche & Matthew Plosser & Julien Sauvagnat, 2022. "Import Competition and Household Debt," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(6), pages 3037-3091, December.
    8. Kerr, Sari Pekkala & Kerr, William R. & Nanda, Ramana, 2022. "House prices, home equity and entrepreneurship: Evidence from U.S. census micro data," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 103-119.
    9. Xiaoqing Zhou, 2022. "Mortgage borrowing and the boom-bust cycle in consumption and residential investment," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 44, pages 244-268, April.
    10. Matteo Benetton & Marianna Kudlyak & John Mondragon, 2022. "Dynastic Home Equity," Working Paper Series 2022-13, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
    11. Michaelides, Michael, 2021. "Large sample size bias in empirical finance," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    12. Margaret Jacobson, 2019. "Beliefs, Aggregate Risk, and the U.S. Housing Boom," 2019 Meeting Papers 1549, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    13. Kim, Jiseob, 2020. "Macroeconomic effects of the mortgage refinance and the home equity lines of credit," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    14. Adam M. Guren & Arvind Krishnamurthy & Timothy J. Mcquade, 2021. "Mortgage Design in an Equilibrium Model of the Housing Market," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(1), pages 113-168, February.
    15. Ho, Anson T.Y. & Morin, Lealand & Paarsch, Harry J. & Huynh, Kim P., 2022. "A flexible framework for intervention analysis applied to credit-card usage during the coronavirus pandemic," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 1129-1157.
    16. John Y. Campbell & Nuno Clara & João F. Cocco, 2021. "Structuring Mortgages for Macroeconomic Stability," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(5), pages 2525-2576, October.
    17. Diamond, William & Landvoigt, Tim, 2022. "Credit cycles with market-based household leverage," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(2), pages 726-753.
    18. Galicia-Sanguino, Lucía & Rojo-Suárez, Javier & Alonso-Conde, Ana B. & López-Pérez, M. Victoria, 2021. "Trade integration and research and development investment as a proxy for idiosyncratic risk in the cross-section of stock returns," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    19. Gete, Pedro, 2020. "Expectations and the housing boom and bust. An open economy view," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    20. Xiaoqing Zhou, 2022. "Mortgage borrowing and the boom-bust cycle in consumption and residential investment," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 44, pages 244-268, April.
    21. Mølbak Ingholt, Marcus, 2022. "Multiple Credit Constraints and Time-Varying Macroeconomic Dynamics," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    22. Anna Zabai, 2020. "How are household finances holding up against the Covid-19 shock?," BIS Bulletins 22, Bank for International Settlements.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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